National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2018 Apr;27(4):429-437. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-17-0645.
Since 1988, the International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified alcohol as a Group 1 carcinogen, the highest level of risk. Growing evidence suggests that alcohol increases the risk of several types of cancer including breast, bowel, prostate, and liver, and accounts for a significant proportion of preventable cancers. Despite ample evidence of this relationship, public awareness is less clear. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we reviewed 32 studies examining lay awareness of alcohol as a risk factor for cancer in 16 countries. Our results show that awareness appears to be low and varies internationally; it is relatively higher in the United Kingdom, Morocco, and Australia. Methodologic differences in assessment obfuscate cross-country and cross-sample comparisons. In general, people are more likely to endorse alcohol as a risk factor when presented with a list of possible risk factors than when asked to list risk factors in an open-ended format. Attempts to increase awareness have been limited and constitute a significant public health need. We provide potential strategies to increase awareness, such as alcohol bottle labeling and fostering patient/physician discussions regarding the link. .
自 1988 年以来，国际癌症研究机构已将酒精归类为 1 类致癌物质，即风险最高的级别。越来越多的证据表明，酒精会增加多种癌症的风险，包括乳腺癌、肠癌、前列腺癌和肝癌，而且占可预防癌症的很大一部分。尽管有充分的证据表明这种关系，但公众的认识却不太清楚。根据系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目 (PRISMA) 指南，我们审查了 32 项研究，这些研究在 16 个国家调查了普通民众对酒精作为癌症风险因素的认识。我们的研究结果表明，这种认识似乎很低，而且在国际上存在差异；在英国、摩洛哥和澳大利亚，这种认识相对较高。评估方法的差异使得跨国和跨样本的比较变得复杂。一般来说，当人们被提供一份可能的风险因素清单时，他们更有可能将酒精视为风险因素，而不是在开放式格式中要求他们列出风险因素。提高认识的尝试有限，这构成了一个重大的公共卫生需求。我们提供了一些提高认识的潜在策略，例如在酒精瓶上贴上标签，并促进患者/医生就这种联系进行讨论。
