Mohammedin Ahmed S, Horaib Wesal S, Alshamsi Razan A, Alrashdi Sallumah O, Aleidi Dalal A, Al Subaie Mudhawi S, Jatoi Noor-Ahmed
Geriatric Medicine, Ain Shams University Hospital, Cairo, EGY.
Geriatric Medicine, King Fahad Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Khobar, SAU.
Cureus. 2021 Sep 30;13(9):e18391. doi: 10.7759/cureus.18391. eCollection 2021 Sep.
Background The survivors of cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) or stroke are often left with several mental and physical disabilities which create a major social and economic burden. However, research addressing the risk factors of CVA and transient ischemic attacks (TIA), and their complications are insufficient. Aim of the study To assess the CVA and TIA risk factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus type 2, dyslipidemia, coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, obesity, hypercoagulopathy, anti-platelet and anticoagulant use, carotid artery stenosis, and hypothyroidism) and complications (pneumonia, urinary tract infection and deep venous thrombosis) among a sample of elderly patients compared to non-elderly adult patients receiving care at King Fahd Hospital of the University in Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia. Methods A retrospective observational study was conducted at King Fahd Hospital of the University in Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia. Multiple risk factors and complications of CVA and TIA were retrieved from the medical records of the studied patients that fulfilled the inclusion criteria of patients diagnosed with CVA and TIA aged ≥ 60 years (elderly sample) and 18-59 years old (comparison non-elderly sample), who were followed up by internal medicine, neurology, and geriatric medicine departments. The total participant size was 259 patients, of which 149 were elderly. Results The occurrence of risk factors was more common in the senior age group. Hypertension was the most frequent risk factor in both age groups, while dyslipidemia, atrial fibrillation, and obesity were significantly associated with the development of CVA and TIA in the elderly. Moreover, post-CVA and TIA complications were more frequent in the group with elderly patients, with urinary tract infections being the most reported complication. Conclusion This study concluded that the most frequent risk factors were hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The findings of this study call for providing extra preventive care for elderly patients with dyslipidemia, atrial fibrillation, and obesity, and for more aggressive prevention of post-CVA and TIA complications in older age groups.
脑血管意外（CVA）或中风的幸存者常常伴有多种身心残疾，这造成了重大的社会和经济负担。然而，针对CVA和短暂性脑缺血发作（TIA）的危险因素及其并发症的研究并不充分。
在沙特阿拉伯胡拜尔法赫德国王大学医院接受治疗的老年患者样本中，评估CVA和TIA的危险因素（高血压、2型糖尿病、血脂异常、冠状动脉疾病、心房颤动、肥胖、高凝状态、抗血小板和抗凝药物使用、颈动脉狭窄以及甲状腺功能减退）和并发症（肺炎、尿路感染和深静脉血栓形成），并与非老年成年患者进行比较。
在沙特阿拉伯胡拜尔法赫德国王大学医院进行了一项回顾性观察研究。从符合纳入标准的研究患者的病历中检索CVA和TIA的多种危险因素及并发症，这些患者年龄≥60岁（老年样本）和18 - 59岁（对照非老年样本），由内科、神经科和老年医学科进行随访。总样本量为259例患者，其中149例为老年人。
危险因素的发生在老年年龄组中更为常见。高血压是两个年龄组中最常见的危险因素，而血脂异常、心房颤动和肥胖与老年人CVA和TIA的发生显著相关。此外，CVA和TIA后并发症在老年患者组中更为常见，尿路感染是报告最多的并发症。
本研究得出结论，最常见的危险因素是高血压和2型糖尿病。本研究结果呼吁为患有血脂异常、心房颤动和肥胖的老年患者提供额外的预防护理，并在老年人群中更积极地预防CVA和TIA后的并发症。
