Lyu Rui, Wu Xuemei, Ma Nan, Wang Difei, Sun Shuang, Luo Youguang, Zhou Jun, Lu Xinyi, Liu Min, Li Dengwen
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Colleges of Life Sciences and Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
Cell Tissue Res. 2022 Jan;387(1):85-93. doi: 10.1007/s00441-021-03544-2. Epub 2021 Nov 3.
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are self-renewing and pluripotent cells that originate from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst. Mitosis is fundamental to organism survival and reproduction and is responsible for the equal distribution of duplicated chromosomes into daughter cells. Mitotic dysfunction is associated with a wide variety of human diseases, not least cancer. hESCs have a unique cell cycle distribution, but it is unclear exactly how the mitotic activity of hESCs is related to their proliferation and differentiation. Here, we established a cell line of hESCs stably expressing GFP-α-tubulin and mCherry-H2B by lentiviral infection to analyze and visualize mitosis in detail. During metaphase, the mitotic spindle was smaller and wider and contained a greater proportion of astral microtubules than normal cells. In addition, spindle microtubules were more stable, and chromosome alignment was faster in hESCs than in somatic cells. We also found that the spindle assembly checkpoint was functional in hESCs. These findings thus reveal a specialized mitotic behavior of hESCs.
人类胚胎干细胞（hESCs）是源自囊胚内细胞团的自我更新且具有多能性的细胞。有丝分裂对于生物体的生存和繁殖至关重要，并且负责将复制后的染色体平均分配到子细胞中。有丝分裂功能障碍与多种人类疾病相关，尤其是癌症。hESCs具有独特的细胞周期分布，但目前尚不清楚hESCs的有丝分裂活性究竟如何与其增殖和分化相关。在此，我们通过慢病毒感染建立了稳定表达绿色荧光蛋白-α-微管蛋白（GFP-α-tubulin）和mCherry-H2B的hESCs细胞系，以详细分析和可视化有丝分裂过程。在中期，有丝分裂纺锤体更小更宽，且与正常细胞相比，星体微管的比例更高。此外，hESCs中的纺锤体微管更稳定，染色体排列也比体细胞更快。我们还发现纺锤体组装检验点在hESCs中发挥作用。因此，这些发现揭示了hESCs特有的有丝分裂行为。
