Highly transformable mutants of Streptomyces fradiae defective in several restriction systems.

Streptomyces fradiae JS85 is a mutant defective in tylosin production and an efficient recipient for conjugal transfer of tylosin genes. JS85 was mutagenized with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and derivatives defective in restriction were isolated by sequential selection for increased transformability by several plasmid DNAs. From the number of mutation and selection cycles required to eliminate most restriction, it was estimated that wild type S. fradiae expressed at least five restriction systems. From the patterns of restriction enzyme digestion of chromosomal DNA observed in the series of mutants that became progressively less restricting, it was suggested that wild type S. fradiae normally expresses modification (and presumably restriction) systems similar or analogous to PstI, XhoI, ScaI and EcoRI. The least restricting mutant of S. fradiae was readily transformable by many plasmids, including a bifunctional cosmid vector containing a large insert of Streptomyces DNA.