Gupta Anupam, Prakash Naveen B, Sannyasi Gourav
Dept. of Neurological Rehabilitation, NIMHANS, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
Indian J Psychol Med. 2021 Sep;43(5 Suppl):S37-S47. doi: 10.1177/02537176211033316. Epub 2021 Aug 31.
Dementia is an eurodegenerative disorder, which causes significant disability, especially among the elderly population worldwide. The affected person shows a progressive cognitive decline, which interferes with the independence in performing the activities of daily living. Other than the cognitive domain, the patient tends to have neuropsychiatric, behavioral, sensorimotor, speech, and language-related issues. It is expected that the global burden of the disease will rise with more people entering the geriatric age group. By 2050 close, to 140 million people will be living with one or the other type of dementia. Alzheimer's disease contributes to more than 60% of cases worldwide, followed by vascular dementia. Pharmacotherapy has a limited role to play in the treatment, and at present, no drug is available, which can halt or reverse the progress of the disease. World Health Organization has mandated rehabilitation as a core recommendation in the global action plan on the public health response to dementia. Rehabilitation services are widely recognized as a practical framework to maximize independence and community participation in dementia care. The rehabilitation program is customized to achieve the desired goals, as each person has different experiences, preferences, motivations, strengths, and requirements based on type, course, and severity of the illness. It is an interdisciplinary-team approach with the involvement of several health care professionals. This article reviews the existing literature and outlines the effective rehabilitation strategies concisely in dementia care.
痴呆是一种神经退行性疾病，会导致严重残疾，在全球老年人口中尤为常见。患者会出现进行性认知衰退，这会影响其独立进行日常生活活动的能力。除了认知领域，患者还往往存在神经精神、行为、感觉运动、言语和语言相关问题。预计随着更多人进入老年年龄组，该疾病的全球负担将会增加。到2050年时，预计将近1.4亿人将患有某种类型的痴呆。在全球范围内，阿尔茨海默病导致的病例超过60%，其次是血管性痴呆。药物治疗在该病的治疗中作用有限，目前尚无药物能够阻止或逆转疾病进展。世界卫生组织已将康复作为全球应对痴呆症公共卫生行动计划的一项核心建议。康复服务被广泛认为是在痴呆症护理中最大限度提高独立性和社区参与度的实用框架。康复计划是根据个人需求定制的，以实现预期目标，因为每个人基于疾病的类型、病程和严重程度，有着不同的经历、偏好、动机、优势和需求。这是一种多学科团队方法，涉及多名医疗保健专业人员。本文回顾了现有文献，并简要概述了痴呆症护理中有效的康复策略。
