Cole Pamela M, Lougheed Jessica P, Chow Sy-Miin, Ram Nilam
Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Department of Human Development & Family Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
Affect Sci. 2020 Mar;1(1):28-41. doi: 10.1007/s42761-020-00004-y. Epub 2020 Apr 20.
Children should become more effective at regulating emotion as they age. Longitudinal evidence of such change, however, is scarce. This study uses a multiple-time scale approach to test the hypothesis that the self-regulation of emotion-the -becomes more effective as children move through early childhood. Second-by-second time-series data obtained from behavioral observation of 120 children (46% female) during an 8-min frustration-eliciting wait task completed at four ages (24 months, 36 months, 48 months, 5 years) were modeled using bivariate coupled differential equation models designed to capture age-related changes in the intrinsic dynamics and bidirectional coupling of prepotent and executive processes. Results revealed indirect influences of executive processes on the intrinsic dynamics of children's desire and frustration increased with age but also revealed complex and non-linear age-related changes in how specific aspects of the dynamic interplay between prepotent responses and executive processes influence the effectiveness of regulation at different ages. The findings illustrate the utility of using a dynamics system approach to articulate and study how specific aspects of emotion regulation change with age.
随着年龄的增长，儿童在情绪调节方面应变得更加有效。然而，这种变化的纵向证据却很少。本研究采用多时间尺度方法来检验这一假设，即随着儿童度过幼儿期，情绪的自我调节会变得更加有效。在四个年龄段（24个月、36个月、48个月、5岁）完成的一项8分钟的引发挫折感的等待任务中，通过对120名儿童（46%为女性）的行为观察获得的逐秒时间序列数据，使用双变量耦合微分方程模型进行建模，该模型旨在捕捉与年龄相关的内在动力学变化以及优势过程和执行过程的双向耦合。结果显示，执行过程对儿童欲望和挫折内在动力学的间接影响随年龄增长而增加，但也揭示了优势反应与执行过程之间动态相互作用的特定方面在不同年龄如何影响调节有效性方面存在复杂的非线性年龄相关变化。这些发现说明了使用动态系统方法来阐述和研究情绪调节的特定方面如何随年龄变化的实用性。
