College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China.
College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2022 Jan;209(Pt 1):112163. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112163. Epub 2021 Oct 20.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells with the capacity to differentiate into several cell types under appropriate conditions. They also possess remarkable antitumor features that make them a novel choice to treat cancers. Accumulating evidence suggest that the MSCs-derived extracellular vesicles, known as exosomes, play an essential role in the therapeutic effects of MSCs mainly by carrying biologically active factors. However, limitations such as low yield of exosomes and difficulty in isolation and purification hinder their clinical applications. To overcome these issues, research on development of exosome-mimics has attracted great attention. This systematic review represents, to the best of our knowledge, the first thorough evaluations of the innate antineoplastic features of MSCs-derived exosomes or exosome-mimics, the methods of drug loading, application as drug delivery system and their impacts on targeted cancer therapy. Importantly, we dissect the commonalities and differences as well as address the shortcomings of work accumulated over the last two decades and discuss how this information can serve as a guide map for optimal experimental design implementation ultimately aiding the effective transition into clinical trials.
间充质干细胞（MSCs）是多能干细胞，在适当条件下能够分化为多种细胞类型。它们还具有显著的抗肿瘤特性，使它们成为治疗癌症的新选择。越来越多的证据表明，MSC 衍生的细胞外囊泡，即外泌体，通过携带生物活性因子，在 MSC 的治疗效果中起着至关重要的作用。然而，外泌体产量低、分离和纯化困难等限制因素阻碍了它们的临床应用。为了克服这些问题，对外泌体模拟物的开发研究引起了极大的关注。本系统评价是我们所知的首次对 MSC 衍生的外泌体或外泌体模拟物的固有抗肿瘤特性、药物加载方法、作为药物传递系统的应用及其对靶向癌症治疗的影响进行全面评估。重要的是，我们剖析了过去二十年积累的工作的异同之处，并讨论了如何利用这些信息作为最佳实验设计实施的指导图，最终有助于有效过渡到临床试验。
