Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2022 Jan;132:1037-1048. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.043. Epub 2021 Nov 2.
Behavioral models are central to behavioral neuroscience. To study the neural mechanisms of maladaptive behaviors (including binge eating and drug addiction), it is essential to develop and utilize appropriate animal models that specifically focus on dysregulated reward seeking. Both food and cocaine are typically consumed in a regulated manner by rodents, motivated by reward and homeostatic mechanisms. However, both food and cocaine seeking can become dysregulated, resulting in binge-like consumption and compulsive patterns of intake. The speakers in this symposium for the 2021 International Behavioral Neuroscience Meeting utilize behavioral models of dysregulated reward-seeking to investigate the neural mechanisms of binge-like consumption, enhanced cue-driven reward seeking, excessive motivation, and continued use despite negative consequences. In this review, we outline examples of maladaptive patterns of intake and explore recent animal models that drive behavior to become dysregulated, including stress exposure and intermittent access to rewards. Lastly, we explore select behavioral and neural mechanisms underlying dysregulated reward-seeking for both food and drugs.
行为模型是行为神经科学的核心。为了研究适应不良行为(包括暴食和成瘾)的神经机制,开发和利用专门针对奖励寻求失调的适当动物模型至关重要。啮齿动物通常会受到奖励和体内平衡机制的驱动,以有规律的方式进食食物和可卡因。然而,食物和可卡因的寻求都可能失调,导致类似暴食的消费和强迫性摄入模式。在 2021 年国际行为神经科学会议的这个专题讨论会上,演讲者利用失调的奖励寻求行为模型来研究类似暴食的消费、增强的线索驱动的奖励寻求、过度动机以及尽管有负面后果仍持续使用的神经机制。在这篇综述中,我们概述了摄入失调的模式的例子,并探讨了最近的动物模型,这些模型使行为失调,包括应激暴露和间歇性获得奖励。最后,我们探讨了食物和药物失调的奖励寻求的行为和神经机制。