Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2022 Feb 10;284:114797. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114797. Epub 2021 Nov 1.
For millennia, Artemisia annua L. was used in Southeast Asia to treat "fever". This medicinal plant is effective against multiple pathogens and is used by many global communities as a source of artemisinin derivatives that are first-line drugs to treat malaria caused by Plasmodium parasites.
The SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) global pandemic has killed millions and evolved numerous variants, with delta being the most transmissible to date and causing break-through infections of vaccinated individuals. We further queried the efficacy of A. annua cultivars against new variants.
Using Vero E6 cells, we measured anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of dried-leaf hot-water A. annua L. extracts of four cultivars, A3, BUR, MED, and SAM, to determine their efficacy against five infectious variants of the virus: alpha (B.1.1.7), beta (B.1.351), gamma (P.1), delta (B.1.617.2), and kappa (B.1.617.1).
In addition to being effective against the original wild type (WT) WA1, A. annua cultivars A3, BUR, MED, and SAM were also potent against all five variants. IC and IC values based on measured artemisinin content ranged from 0.3 to 8.4 μM and 1.4-25.0 μM, respectively. The IC and IC values based on dried leaf weight (DW) used to make the tea infusions ranged from 11.0 to 67.7 μg DW and 59.5-160.6 μg DW, respectively. Cell toxicity was insignificant at a leaf dry weight of ≤50 μg in the extract of any cultivar.
Results suggest that oral consumption of A. annua hot-water extracts (tea infusions) could potentially provide a cost-effective therapy to help stave off the rapid global spread of these variants, buying time for broader implementation of vaccines.
千百年来，黄花蒿（Artemisia annua L.）一直被用于东南亚治疗“发热”。这种药用植物对多种病原体有效，许多全球社区都将其作为青蒿素衍生物的来源，青蒿素衍生物是治疗疟原虫引起的疟疾的一线药物。
SARS-CoV-2（新冠病毒）全球大流行已经导致数百万人死亡，并出现了多种变体，其中德尔塔变体至今为止传播性最强，导致接种疫苗的个体突破性感染。我们进一步研究了黄花蒿品种对新变体的疗效。
使用 Vero E6 细胞，我们测量了四种黄花蒿品种（A3、BUR、MED 和 SAM）干叶热水提取物对 SARS-CoV-2 的抗病毒活性，以确定它们对该病毒的五种传染性变体的疗效：阿尔法（B.1.1.7）、贝塔（B.1.351）、伽马（P.1）、德尔塔（B.1.617.2）和卡帕（B.1.617.1）。
除了对原始野生型（WT）WA1 有效外，黄花蒿品种 A3、BUR、MED 和 SAM 对所有五种变体也都有效。基于测量的青蒿素含量的 IC 和 IC 值范围分别为 0.3-8.4 μM 和 1.4-25.0 μM。基于用于泡茶的干叶重量（DW）的 IC 和 IC 值范围分别为 11.0-67.7 μg DW 和 59.5-160.6 μg DW。在任何品种的提取物中，当干叶重量≤50μg 时，细胞毒性可忽略不计。
结果表明，口服黄花蒿热水提取物（茶泡剂）可能提供一种具有成本效益的治疗方法，有助于阻止这些变体在全球的快速传播，为更广泛地实施疫苗争取时间。
