Korsbæk Nanna, Landt Eskild M, Dahl Morten
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark.
Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
J Asthma Allergy. 2021 Oct 28;14:1277-1284. doi: 10.2147/JAA.S328748. eCollection 2021.
Individuals exposed to second-hand smoking may be more susceptible to asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We investigated the risk of respiratory symptoms, asthma, and COPD in adults exposed to second-hand smoking at different stages of life in the general population.
We identified individuals who had been exposed to second-hand smoking in childhood only, adulthood only, or lifelong in a cohort of 20,421 adults from the Danish General Suburban Population Study and recorded respiratory symptoms, lung function, asthma, and COPD as outcomes.
Among 20,421 adults from the general population, 2,551 (12%) had been lifelong exposed to second-hand smoking, 459 (2%) had been exposed in adulthood only, and 13,998 (69%) had been exposed in childhood only; the mean ages of the three groups were 54 years, 55 years, and 57 years, respectably, compared with 56 years in non-exposed individuals (<0.001). Equivalent values for the prevalence of current smoking were 25%, 20%, and 18% versus 12% (<0.001). After adjustment for age, smoking, and sex, the odds ratios for wheezing, severe dyspnoea, cough on exertion, and asthma increased as a function of second-hand smoke exposure (s≤0.004); individuals who had been exposed to second-hand smoking lifelong, in adulthood only, or in childhood only versus non-exposed had increased odds ratios for wheezing of 1.62 (95% CI=1.41-1.87), 1.50 (1.15-1.94), and 1.16 (1.04-1.30). Corresponding values were 2.08 (1.52-2.85), 2.05 (1.22-3-44), and 1.23 (0.95-1.59) for severe dyspnoea, 1.56 (1.33-1.83), 1.53 (1.15-2.02), and 1.19 (1.05-1.35) for cough on exertion, 1.36 (1.14-1.63), 1.49 (1.09-2.05), and 1.13 (0.99-1.30) for asthma, and 1.24 (1.03-1.48), 1.25 (0.90-1.74), and 1.09 (0.96-1.24) for COPD. The population attributable fractions of asthma and COPD due to lifelong second-hand smoke exposure were 4.3% and 2.9%.
Individuals exposed to lifelong second-hand smoking have increased risks of respiratory symptoms, asthma, and COPD, and may account for 4.3% and 2.9% of people with asthma and COPD in the general population.
接触二手烟的个体可能更容易患哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）。我们调查了普通人群中在生命不同阶段接触二手烟的成年人出现呼吸道症状、哮喘和COPD的风险。
我们在丹麦普通郊区人群研究的20421名成年人队列中，确定了仅在儿童期、仅在成年期或终生接触二手烟的个体，并将呼吸道症状、肺功能、哮喘和COPD记录为研究结果。
在20421名普通人群成年人中，2551人（12%）终生接触二手烟，459人（2%）仅在成年期接触二手烟，13998人（69%）仅在儿童期接触二手烟；三组的平均年龄分别为54岁、55岁和57岁，未接触者为56岁（<0.001）。当前吸烟率的相应数值分别为25%、20%和18%，未接触者为12%（<0.001）。在调整年龄、吸烟和性别后，喘息、严重呼吸困难、运动时咳嗽和哮喘的比值比随着二手烟暴露程度增加（P≤0.004）；与未接触者相比，终生、仅在成年期或仅在儿童期接触二手烟的个体喘息的比值比分别为1.62（95%CI=1.41-1.87）、1.50（1.15-1.94）和1.16（1.04-1.30）。严重呼吸困难的相应数值分别为2.08（1.52-2.85）、2.05（1.22-3.44）和1.23（0.95-1.59），运动时咳嗽的相应数值分别为1.56（1.33-1.83）、1.53（1.15-2.02）和1.19（1.05-1.35），哮喘的相应数值分别为1.36（1.14-1.63）、1.49（1.09-2.05）和1.13（0.99-1.30），COPD的相应数值分别为1.24（1.03-1.48）、1.25（0.90-1.74）和1.09（0.96-1.24）。终生二手烟暴露导致哮喘和COPD的人群归因分数分别为4.3%和2.9%。
终生接触二手烟的个体出现呼吸道症状、哮喘和COPD的风险增加，可能占普通人群哮喘和COPD患者的4.3%和2.9%。
