Department of Public Health, Forensic and Experimental Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
Nutritional support Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Via Gattamelata 64, 35128 Padua, Italy .
Acta Biomed. 2021 Oct 19;92(S6):e2021440. doi: 10.23750/abm.v92iS6.12233.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries adopted restrictive measures to mitigate infection spread, which might have influenced people's lifestyle and dietary habits. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the impact of national lockdowns on adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD).
Studies were identified searching Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. Studies published until 4th May 2021 were included. We only considered studies reporting original data from quantitative analysis and assessing changes in adherence to the MD, using validated dietary scores, or in consumption of MD food items. Data extraction, pooling, and quality appraisal of included studies were conducted following the PRISMA guidelines.
Forty-two studies were retrieved. After screening, 12 studies met inclusion criteria and were included in the review, of which 4 (33%) were longitudinal studies. Six (85.7%) of the seven studies that measured changes in MD adherence before-during lockdown reported an increase (rate of change of high-adherence to MD ranged between +3.3% and +21.9%). Evidence indicates that consumption of MD food items increased during lockdown but is heterogeneous in study design, quality, and findings.
Our results suggest adherence to the MD during lockdown might have increased in some settings, while the determinants of such a trend are to be further explored. We raise awareness of the need to research further the impacts and long-term consequences of COVID-19 containment measures on dietary and lifestyle habits.
在 COVID-19 大流行期间，许多国家采取了限制措施来减轻感染传播，这可能影响了人们的生活方式和饮食习惯。我们进行了一项系统评价，以评估国家封锁对地中海饮食（MD）依从性的影响。
通过搜索 Medline、Embase、Web of Science 和 Cochrane Library 确定研究。纳入截至 2021 年 5 月 4 日发表的研究。我们仅考虑报告使用验证的饮食评分评估 MD 依从性变化或 MD 食物摄入量变化的原始数据的定量分析的研究。按照 PRISMA 指南进行数据提取、汇总和纳入研究的质量评估。
检索到 42 项研究。经过筛选，有 12 项研究符合纳入标准并被纳入综述，其中 4 项（33%）为纵向研究。在封锁期间测量 MD 依从性变化的 7 项研究中的 6 项（85.7%）报告依从性增加（高 MD 依从性的变化率在+3.3%至+21.9%之间）。证据表明，封锁期间 MD 食物的摄入量增加，但研究设计、质量和结果存在异质性。
我们的结果表明，在某些情况下，封锁期间 MD 的依从性可能增加，而这种趋势的决定因素需要进一步探讨。我们提高了对进一步研究 COVID-19 遏制措施对饮食和生活方式习惯的影响及其长期后果的认识。
