Li Tianbai, Tan Xiang, Li Song, Al-Nusaif Murad, Le Weidong
Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China.
Front Aging Neurosci. 2021 Oct 20;13:765395. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.765395. eCollection 2021.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), as nano-sized vesicles secreted by almost all cells, have been recognized as the essential transmitter for cell-to-cell communication and participating in multiple biological processes. Neurodegenerative diseases (ND), such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, share common mechanisms of the aggregation and propagation of distinct pathologic proteins among cells in the nervous systems and neuroinflammatory reactions mediated by glia during the pathogenic process. This feature indicates the vital role of crosstalk between neurons and glia in the pathogenesis of ND. In recent years, glia-derived EVs have been investigated as potential mediators of signals between neurons and glia, which provides a new direction and strategy for understanding ND. By a comprehensive summary, it can be concluded that glia-derived EVs have both a beneficial and/or a detrimental effect in the process of ND. Therefore, this review article conveys the role of glia-derived EVs in the pathogenesis of ND and raises current limitations of their potential application in the diagnosis and treatment of ND.
细胞外囊泡（EVs）是几乎所有细胞分泌的纳米级囊泡，已被公认为细胞间通讯的重要传递者，并参与多种生物学过程。神经退行性疾病（ND），如阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病和肌萎缩侧索硬化症，在致病过程中具有独特病理蛋白在神经系统细胞间聚集和传播以及由胶质细胞介导的神经炎症反应的共同机制。这一特征表明神经元与胶质细胞之间的相互作用在ND发病机制中起着至关重要的作用。近年来，胶质细胞衍生的EVs已被研究作为神经元与胶质细胞之间信号的潜在介质，这为理解ND提供了新的方向和策略。通过全面总结，可以得出结论，胶质细胞衍生的EVs在ND过程中既有有益作用，也有有害作用。因此，这篇综述文章阐述了胶质细胞衍生的EVs在ND发病机制中的作用，并提出了它们在ND诊断和治疗中潜在应用的当前局限性。
