Hailu Bizuayehu, Ji-Guo Wu, Hailu Tadesse
Dangila District Administration Water and Energy Office, Amhara National Regional State, Dangila City, Ethiopia.
Department of Public Health, School of International Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
J Trop Med. 2021 Aug 20;2021:2688500. doi: 10.1155/2021/2688500. eCollection 2021.
Under-five diarrhea is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Despite the tremendous achievement in reducing child mortality and morbidity in the last two decades, diarrhea is still the major causes of morbidity and mortality in resource-limited countries like Ethiopia due to the absence of clean water and poor sanitation and hygiene.
This study aimed to assess the association of water, sanitation, and hygiene on the prevalence of diarrhea among under-five children in the rural community of Ethiopia.
A cross-sectional study was conducted among randomly selected 419 under-five children from October to December 2021 in Dangila district, Northwest Ethiopia. A structured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic, environmental, and behavioral data. Data were entered into Epi Info and analyzed using SPSS software. Descriptive analysis was used to calculate the prevalence of diarrhea. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to compute the association of water, sanitation, and hygiene with diarrhea. Statistical significance was considered if < 0.05.
Among 419 participants, the prevalence of diarrhea was 106 (25.3%). The absence of handwashing habit of children (AOR = 7.70; 95% CI: 2.71-21.79) and caregivers after toilet (AOR = 19.10; 95% CI: 5.46-66.52), absence of latrine (AOR = 3.87; 95% CI: 1.24-12.08), playing with soil (AOR = 8.40; 95% CI: 4.58-36.66), and eating soil (AOR = 6.24; 95% CI: 1.99-19.78) were significantly associated with under-five diarrhea. Children who drink unprotected water were 2.21 times (AOR = 2.21; 95% CI: 0.51-9.69) more exposed to under-five diarrhea than who drink protected water, but it is not statistically significant ( = 0.29).
The prevalence of under-five diarrhea is high in Dangila district. The absence of clean water and poor handwashing practice and the absence of latrine are the main factors associated with diarrhea. Therefore, strengthening water, sanitation, and hygiene strategy in the rural community should be prioritized.
五岁以下儿童腹泻是发展中国家发病和死亡的主要原因之一。尽管在过去二十年中在降低儿童死亡率和发病率方面取得了巨大成就，但由于缺乏清洁水以及卫生条件和个人卫生状况差，腹泻仍是埃塞俄比亚等资源有限国家发病和死亡的主要原因。
本研究旨在评估水、环境卫生和个人卫生与埃塞俄比亚农村社区五岁以下儿童腹泻患病率之间的关联。
2021年10月至12月，在埃塞俄比亚西北部的丹吉拉区对随机选取的419名五岁以下儿童进行了一项横断面研究。使用结构化问卷收集社会人口统计学、环境和行为数据。数据录入Epi Info并使用SPSS软件进行分析。描述性分析用于计算腹泻患病率。单因素和多因素逻辑回归用于计算水、环境卫生和个人卫生与腹泻之间的关联。如果P<0.05，则认为具有统计学意义。
在419名参与者中，腹泻患病率为106例（25.3%）。儿童（比值比[AOR]=7.70；95%置信区间[CI]：2.71-21.79）和看护人便后（AOR=19.10；95%CI：5.46-66.52）没有洗手习惯、没有厕所（AOR=3.87；95%CI：1.24-12.08）、玩土（AOR=8.40；95%CI：4.58-36.66）和吃土（AOR=6.24；95%CI：1.99-19.78）与五岁以下儿童腹泻显著相关。饮用未受保护水源的儿童患五岁以下儿童腹泻的风险是饮用受保护水源儿童的2.21倍（AOR=2.21；95%CI：0.51-9.69），但差异无统计学意义（P=0.29）。
丹吉拉区五岁以下儿童腹泻患病率较高。缺乏清洁水、不良的洗手习惯以及没有厕所是与腹泻相关的主要因素。因此，应优先加强农村社区的水、环境卫生和个人卫生战略。
