Abera Bayeh
Medical Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia.
Afr Health Sci. 2024 Sep;24(3):302-312. doi: 10.4314/ahs.v24i3.34.
Diarrhoea is one of the leading causes of childhood morbidity and mortality, while cholera outbreaks are a major public health emergency insub-Saharan African countries. This study was aimed at investigating the link between climate changes and cholera outbreaks, and the burden of childhood diarrhoea in the Lake Tana Basin (Ethiopia).
Research articles published in English were searched from Google scholar, PubMed, and Web of science and these were supplemented by a four-year secondary data of childhood diarrhoea and cholera outbreaks extracted from health management information system (HMIS) in 61 districts.
The mean prevalence of diarrhoea per 1000 children was 420 (95% CI:311.7; 528.6). The prevalence of childhood diarrhoea showed spatial and temporal variation hereby 16.4% (10/61) districts exhibited high prevalence (>201/1000 children). The prevalence of diarrhoea was significantly higher in boys compared to girls (p = 0.001), while the incidence of cholera was significantly higher in females compared to males (p < 0.001). Heavy precipitation and El-Niño events were linked to the episodes of cholera outbreaks.
Health interventions should consider spatial and temporal variations of diarrhoea. The cholera outbreak preparedness needs to be aware during the events of climate changes in the hotspot areas.
腹泻是儿童发病和死亡的主要原因之一，而霍乱疫情是撒哈拉以南非洲国家的重大公共卫生紧急事件。本研究旨在调查塔纳湖流域（埃塞俄比亚）气候变化与霍乱疫情之间的联系以及儿童腹泻负担。
从谷歌学术、PubMed和科学网搜索以英文发表的研究文章，并辅以从61个地区的卫生管理信息系统（HMIS）提取的为期四年的儿童腹泻和霍乱疫情二手数据。
每1000名儿童中腹泻的平均患病率为420（95%可信区间：311.7；528.6）。儿童腹泻患病率呈现出空间和时间上的变化，据此，16.4%（10/61）的地区患病率较高（>201/1000名儿童）。男孩的腹泻患病率显著高于女孩（p = 0.001），而女性的霍乱发病率显著高于男性（p < 0.001）。强降水和厄尔尼诺事件与霍乱疫情的发作有关。
卫生干预措施应考虑腹泻的空间和时间变化。在热点地区气候变化期间，需要提高霍乱疫情防范意识。
