A Multilevel Probabilistic Cerenkov Luminescence Tomography Reconstruction Framework Based on Energy Distribution Density Region Scaling.

Cerenkov luminescence tomography (CLT) is a promising non-invasive optical imaging method with three-dimensional semiquantitative imaging capability. However, CLT itself relies on Cerenkov radiation, a low-intensity radiation, making CLT reconstruction more challenging than other imaging modalities. In order to solve the ill-posed inverse problem of CLT imaging, some numerical optimization or regularization methods need to be applied. However, in commonly used methods for solving inverse problems, parameter selection significantly influences the results. Therefore, this paper proposed a probabilistic energy distribution density region scaling (P-EDDRS) framework. In this framework, multiple reconstruction iterations are performed, and the Cerenkov source distribution of each reconstruction is treated as random variables. According to the spatial energy distribution density, the new region of interest (ROI) is solved. The size of the region required for the next operation was determined dynamically by combining the intensity characteristics. In addition, each reconstruction source distribution is given a probability weight value, and the prior probability in the subsequent reconstruction is refreshed. Last, all the reconstruction source distributions are weighted with the corresponding probability weights to get the final Cerenkov source distribution. To evaluate the performance of the P-EDDRS framework in CLT, this article performed numerical simulation, pseudotumor model mouse experiment, and breast cancer mouse experiment. Experimental results show that this reconstruction framework has better positioning accuracy and shape recovery ability and can optimize the reconstruction effect of multiple algorithms on CLT.