Department of Pharmacy, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China; Department of Occupational Disease Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China; School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, Anhui, China.
School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, Anhui, China.
J Control Release. 2022 Jan;341:443-456. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.11.005. Epub 2021 Nov 6.
Bone tissues are the main metastatic sites of many cancers, and bone metastasis is an important cause of death. When bone metastasis occurs, dynamic interactions between tumor cells and bone tissues promote changes in the tumor-bone microenvironments that are conducive to tumor growth and progression, which also promote several related diseases, including pathological fracture, bone pain, and hypercalcemia. Accordingly, it has obvious clinical benefits for improving the cure rate and reducing the occurrence of related diseases through targeting bone microenvironments for the treatment and early detection of cancer bone metastasis niches. In this review, we briefly analyzed the relationship between bone microstructures and tumor metastasis, as well as microenvironmental changes in osteoblasts, osteoclasts, immune cells, and extracellular and bone matrixes caused when metastatic tumor cells colonize bones. We also discuss novel designs in nanodrugs for inhibiting tumor proliferation and migration through targeting to tumor bone metastases and abnormal bone-microenvironment components. In addition, related researches on the early detection of bone and multi-organ metastases by nanoprobes are also introduced. And we look forward to providing some useful proposals and enlightenments on nanotechnology-based drug delivery and probes for the treatment and early detection of bone metastasis.
骨组织是许多癌症的主要转移部位，骨转移是死亡的重要原因。当骨转移发生时，肿瘤细胞与骨组织之间的动态相互作用促进了有利于肿瘤生长和进展的肿瘤-骨微环境的变化，这也促进了几种相关疾病的发生，包括病理性骨折、骨痛和高钙血症。因此，通过针对骨微环境来治疗和早期检测癌症骨转移龛，改善癌症骨转移的治疗效果并降低相关疾病的发生率，具有明显的临床获益。在这篇综述中，我们简要分析了骨微结构与肿瘤转移的关系，以及当转移性肿瘤细胞定植于骨骼时，成骨细胞、破骨细胞、免疫细胞、细胞外基质和骨基质中微环境的变化。我们还讨论了通过针对肿瘤骨转移和异常骨微环境成分，纳米药物抑制肿瘤增殖和迁移的新设计。此外，还介绍了纳米探针在骨和多器官转移早期检测方面的相关研究。我们期待为基于纳米技术的药物输送和探针的治疗和早期检测骨转移提供一些有用的建议和启示。
