Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland.
Obes Facts. 2022;15(1):19-25. doi: 10.1159/000519503. Epub 2021 Nov 8.
The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies malnutrition as the biggest threat to public health worldwide, and this condition is observed in 20-60% of hospitalized patients. Malnutrition is a state of the body in which due to insufficient supply or incorrect absorption of essential nutrients, the body composition changes and the body's functions are impaired. Malnutrition is associated not only with reduced body mass index but also with obesity.
Obesity is defined as a paradoxical state of malnutrition, which despite excessive energy consumption is associated with a shortage of individual microelements. Deficiency or lack of homeostasis of essential micronutrients can significantly affect daily performance, intellectual and emotional state, but also the physical state of the body. Food deficiency can also contribute to further weight gain or the development of other metabolic diseases. Micronutrient deficiency may include not only incorrect dietary choices and insufficient access to nutrient-rich foods but also changes in the absorption, distribution or excretion of nutrients, and altered micronutrient metabolism resulting from systemic inflammation caused by obesity. An effective therapy method recommended for people with morbid obesity is bariatric surgery aimed at both weight loss and improving quality of life. Unfortunately, the effects of these treatments are often medium- and long-term complications associated with micronutrient deficiency as a result of reduced consumption or absorption. Therefore, the use of bariatric surgery in patients with extreme obesity can affect the metabolism of microelements and increase the risk of nutritional deficiencies. Key Messages: Studies by many authors indicate a higher incidence of food deficiency among people with excessive body weight, than in people with normal body weight of the same age and same sex. Monitoring the concentration of minerals and vitamins in blood serum is a good practice in the treatment of obesity. The proper nutritional status of the body affects not only the state of health but also the effectiveness of therapy. The aim of the review was to present the issue of malnutrition in the context of obesity.
世界卫生组织（WHO）将营养不良列为全球公共卫生的最大威胁，住院患者中有 20%-60%存在营养不良。营养不良是一种身体状态，由于必需营养素供应不足或吸收不正确，导致身体成分发生变化，身体功能受损。营养不良不仅与体重指数降低有关，还与肥胖有关。
肥胖被定义为一种矛盾的营养不良状态，尽管能量消耗过多，但与个别微量元素的缺乏有关。必需微量营养素的缺乏或失衡会显著影响日常表现、智力和情绪状态，以及身体的身体状态。食物缺乏也会导致体重进一步增加或其他代谢疾病的发展。微量营养素缺乏不仅包括不正确的饮食选择和无法获得富含营养的食物，还包括吸收、分布或排泄营养素的变化，以及由于肥胖引起的系统性炎症导致的微量营养素代谢改变。推荐给病态肥胖患者的一种有效治疗方法是减肥手术，旨在减肥和提高生活质量。不幸的是，这些治疗的效果往往是中长期并发症，与因消耗或吸收减少而导致的微量营养素缺乏有关。因此，在极度肥胖的患者中使用减肥手术会影响微元素的代谢，并增加营养缺乏的风险。
许多作者的研究表明，体重过重的人比同年龄、同性别、体重正常的人更易发生食物缺乏。监测血清中矿物质和维生素的浓度是治疗肥胖症的良好做法。身体的适当营养状况不仅影响健康状况，还影响治疗效果。本综述旨在阐述肥胖症背景下的营养不良问题。
