Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, 59 Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100872, People's Republic of China.
Psychol Res. 2022 Sep;86(6):1918-1929. doi: 10.1007/s00426-021-01616-0. Epub 2021 Nov 10.
This study aimed to examine the locus of age of acquisition (AoA) and word frequency (WF) effects in Chinese spoken picture naming, using a picture-word interference task. We conducted four experiments manipulating the properties of picture names (AoA in Experiments 1 and 2, while controlling WF; and WF in Experiments 3 and 4, while controlling AoA), and the relations between distractors and targets (semantic or phonological relatedness). Both Experiments 1 and 2 demonstrated AoA effects in picture naming; pictures of early acquired concepts were named faster than those acquired later. There was an interaction between AoA and semantic relatedness, but not between AoA and phonological relatedness, suggesting localisation of AoA effects at the stage of lexical access in picture naming. Experiments 3 and 4 demonstrated WF effects: pictures of high-frequency concepts were named faster than those of low-frequency concepts. WF interacted with both phonological and semantic relatedness, suggesting localisation of WF effects at multiple levels of picture naming, including lexical access and phonological encoding. Our findings show that AoA and WF effects exist in Chinese spoken word production and may arise at related processes of lexical selection.
本研究旨在使用图片-词汇干扰任务考察汉语口语命名中习得年龄（AoA）和词频（WF）效应的位置。我们通过操纵图片名称的属性（在实验 1 和 2 中控制 WF，同时控制 AoA；在实验 3 和 4 中控制 AoA，同时控制 WF）以及干扰项和目标之间的关系（语义或语音相关性）进行了四个实验。实验 1 和 2 均证明了图片命名中的 AoA 效应；早习得概念的图片比晚习得的图片命名更快。AoA 和语义相关性之间存在交互作用，但 AoA 和语音相关性之间没有交互作用，这表明 AoA 效应在图片命名的词汇获取阶段局部化。实验 3 和 4 证明了 WF 效应：高频概念的图片比低频概念的图片命名更快。WF 与语音和语义相关性都有交互作用，这表明 WF 效应在图片命名的多个层次上局部化，包括词汇选择和语音编码。我们的发现表明 AoA 和 WF 效应存在于汉语口语产生中，可能出现在词汇选择的相关过程中。
