Department of Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
PLoS One. 2021 Nov 11;16(11):e0259399. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259399. eCollection 2021.
Dry eye is a common, complex, and multifactorial disease of the ocular surface and tear film that results in discomfort and visual disturbances. Prevalence rates vary and largely rely on studies involving older populations. This study sought to evaluate dry eye among a sample of young students in Brazil.
Cross-sectional survey included 2,140 students using 2 self-applicable questionnaires of dry eye symptoms: the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and the Women's Health Study (WHS) questionnaire and a list of risk factors associated with dry eye. Participants with dry eye symptoms underwent a clinical evaluation.
Participants were 23.4±5.2 years of age, 56.1% female and 43.9% male, 34.4% had an OSDI score greater than 22, and 23.5% had dry eye according to the WHS. Dry eye frequency differed consistently between the sexes: 42.6% women and 24.0% men based on the OSDI, and 27.1% women and 18.5% men based on the WHS. Univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated that female sex, contact lens wear, the screen use for more than 6 hours per day, less than 6 hours of sleep a night, and certain medications were relevant related risk factors for dry eye. Despite symptoms, clinical evaluations demonstrated mild signs of dry eye.
Dry eye symptoms were found to be a prevalent condition among Brazilian undergraduate students. Compared to the rates of dry eye among the general Brazilian population over 40 years of age, students present at higher dry eye symptoms rates and distinct odds for related risk factors were identified.
干眼症是一种常见的、复杂的多因素眼表和泪膜疾病，会导致不适和视觉障碍。患病率因研究而异，主要依赖于涉及老年人群的研究。本研究旨在评估巴西年轻学生中的干眼症。
横断面调查包括 2140 名学生，使用 2 种自我适用的干眼症症状问卷：眼表面疾病指数（OSDI）和妇女健康研究（WHS）问卷，以及与干眼症相关的风险因素列表。有干眼症症状的参与者接受了临床评估。
参与者年龄为 23.4±5.2 岁，女性占 56.1%，男性占 43.9%，34.4%的 OSDI 评分大于 22，23.5%的人根据 WHS 患有干眼症。根据 OSDI，干眼症的频率在性别之间存在差异：女性为 42.6%，男性为 24.0%，根据 WHS，女性为 27.1%，男性为 18.5%。单变量和多变量分析表明，女性、隐形眼镜佩戴、每天使用屏幕超过 6 小时、每晚睡眠不足 6 小时和某些药物是干眼症的相关危险因素。尽管有症状，但临床评估显示干眼症的体征轻微。
在巴西本科学生中，发现干眼症症状是一种普遍存在的情况。与 40 岁以上普通巴西人群中的干眼症发生率相比，学生的干眼症症状发生率更高，并且确定了相关风险因素的明显差异。
