School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya, 60237, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.
Environ Pollut. 2022 Jan 1;292(Pt B):118474. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118474. Epub 2021 Nov 8.
The emergence and continual accumulation of industrial micropollutants such as dyes, heavy metals, organic matters, and pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) in the ecosystem pose an alarming hazard to human health and the general wellbeing of global flora and fauna. To offer eco-friendly solutions, living and non-living algae have lately been identified and broadly practiced as promising agents in the bioremediation of micropollutants. The approach is promoted by recent findings seeing better removal performance, higher efficiency, surface area, and binding affinity of algae in various remediation events compared to bacteria and fungi. To give a proper and significant insight into this technology, this paper comprehensively reviews its current applications, removal mechanisms, comparative efficacies, as well as future outlooks and recommendations. In conducting the review, the secondary data of micropollutants removal have been gathered from numerous sources, from which their removal performances are analyzed and presented in terms of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT), to specifically examine their suitability for selected micropollutants remediation. Based on kinetic, isotherm, thermodynamic, and SWOT analysis, non-living algae are generally more suitable for dyes and heavy metals removal, meanwhile living algae are appropriate for removal of organic matters and PhACs. Moreover, parametric effects on micropollutants removal are evaluated, highlighting that pH is critical for biodegradation activity. For selective pollutants, living and non-living algae show recommendable prospects as agents for the efficient cleaning of industrial wastewaters while awaiting further supporting discoveries in encouraging technology assurance and extensive applications.
生态系统中工业微量污染物（如染料、重金属、有机物和药物活性化合物）的出现和不断积累，对人类健康以及全球动植物的整体福祉构成了严重威胁。为了提供环保解决方案，活的和非活的藻类最近被确定为生物修复微量污染物的有前途的生物。这种方法是基于最近的发现，与细菌和真菌相比，藻类在各种修复事件中具有更好的去除性能、更高的效率、更大的表面积和更强的结合亲和力。为了对这项技术有一个恰当而重要的了解，本文全面回顾了其当前的应用、去除机制、比较效果以及未来的展望和建议。在进行综述时，从多个来源收集了微量污染物去除的二次数据，对其去除性能进行了分析，并根据优势、劣势、机会和威胁（SWOT）进行了呈现，以专门检查它们对选定微量污染物修复的适用性。基于动力学、等温线、热力学和 SWOT 分析，非活体藻类通常更适合去除染料和重金属，而活体藻类则适合去除有机物和药物活性化合物。此外，还评估了对微量污染物去除的参数影响，强调 pH 值对生物降解活性至关重要。对于选择性污染物，活的和非活的藻类作为高效清洁工业废水的试剂具有良好的前景，同时等待在鼓励技术保证和广泛应用方面的进一步支持发现。
