Koyama Tatsuya
Department of Nutrition, Aomori University of Health and Welfare, Aomori, JPN.
Cureus. 2021 Nov 7;13(11):e19337. doi: 10.7759/cureus.19337. eCollection 2021 Nov.
Diet quality indices reflect overall dietary patterns better than single nutrients or food groups. Focusing on the needs of children, this study developed a measure of adherence to the Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top (JFGST), which was developed by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare and Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Japan, and determined the correlation between index scores and nutrient intake.
This cross-sectional study was conducted among 48 children between six and nine years of age from a coastal town in the Kinki region of Japan. Data were collected between August 2012 and March 2013, including the 12-day diet records (three days over four seasons) of each participant. For children, adherence to the JFGST entails the consumption of five core food groups, including grain, fish and meat, vegetables, milk, and fruits (total possible score of 50). Spearman's correlation coefficients were calculated to identify any correlations between JFGST scores and nutrient intake.
The mean participant JFGST score was 25 ± 10. Higher JFGST scores were correlated with higher intake of monounsaturated fatty acids, n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, dietary fiber, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc, copper, vitamin A, vitamin D, riboflavin, pantothenate, and vitamin C. JFGST scores were also positively correlated with nutrient adequacy for calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, vitamin A, thiamine, riboflavin, vitamin B, vitamin B, folate, and vitamin C.
The index employed in this study may adequately express diet quality among Japanese children.
饮食质量指数比单一营养素或食物类别更能反映整体饮食模式。本研究针对儿童的需求，制定了一项衡量对日本食品指南旋转陀螺（JFGST）依从性的指标，该指南由日本厚生劳动省和农林水产省制定，并确定了指数得分与营养素摄入量之间的相关性。
本横断面研究在日本近畿地区一个沿海城镇的48名6至9岁儿童中进行。在2012年8月至2013年3月期间收集数据，包括每位参与者的12天饮食记录（四季各三天）。对于儿童而言，对JFGST的依从性要求摄入五个核心食物类别，包括谷物、鱼和肉、蔬菜、牛奶及水果（总分可能为50分）。计算斯皮尔曼相关系数，以确定JFGST得分与营养素摄入量之间的任何相关性。
参与者的JFGST平均得分为25±10。较高的JFGST得分与单不饱和脂肪酸、n-6多不饱和脂肪酸、膳食纤维、钾、钙、镁、磷、锌、铜、维生素A、维生素D、核黄素、泛酸和维生素C的较高摄入量相关。JFGST得分与钙、镁、铁、锌、铜、维生素A、硫胺素、核黄素、维生素B6、维生素B12、叶酸和维生素C的营养素充足率也呈正相关。
本研究中采用的指数可能足以体现日本儿童的饮食质量。
