Primary Health Care Center Les Corts, Consorci d'Atenció Primària de Salut Barcelona Esquerra (CAPSBE), C. Mejia Lequerica S/N, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
Primary Health Care Center Casanova, Consorci d'Atenció Primària de Salut Barcelona Esquerra (CAPSBE), Rosselló, 161, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Nov 4;18(21):11588. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182111588.
Studies of the characteristics of informal caregivers and associated factors have focused on care-receiver disease or caregiver social and psychological traits; however, an integral description may provide better understanding of informal caregivers' problems. A multicenter cross-sectional study in primary healthcare centers was performed in Barcelona (Spain). Participants were a random sample of informal caregivers of patients in a home-care program. Primary outcomes were health-related quality of life and caregiver burden, and related factors were sociodemographic data, clinical and risk factors, social support and social characteristics, use of healthcare services, and care receivers' status. In total, 104 informal caregivers were included (mean age 68.25 years); 81.73% were female, 54.81% were retired, 58.65% had high comorbidity, and 48.08% of care receivers had severe dependence. Adjusted multivariate regression models showed health-related quality of life and the caregivers' burden were affected by comorbidity, age, time of care, and dependency of care receiver, while social support and depression also showed relative importance. Aging, chronic diseases, and comorbidity should be included when explaining informal caregivers' health status and wellbeing. The effectiveness of interventions to support informal caregivers should comprehensively evaluate caregivers when designing programs, centering interventions on informal caregivers and not care receivers' conditions.
对非专业照护者特征及其相关因素的研究主要集中在照护对象的疾病或照护者的社会和心理特征上;然而,全面的描述可能会更好地理解非专业照护者的问题。本研究在巴塞罗那(西班牙)的基层医疗中心进行了一项多中心横断面研究。参与者是非专业照护者随机抽样,这些照护者的照护对象正在接受家庭护理计划。主要结局指标是健康相关生活质量和照护者负担,相关因素包括社会人口学数据、临床和风险因素、社会支持和社会特征、医疗保健服务的使用以及照护对象的状况。共纳入 104 名非专业照护者(平均年龄 68.25 岁);81.73%为女性,54.81%已退休,58.65%患有多种共病,48.08%的照护对象严重依赖他人。调整后的多元回归模型显示,健康相关生活质量和照护者负担受到共病、年龄、照护时间和照护对象依赖程度的影响,而社会支持和抑郁也具有相对重要性。在解释非专业照护者的健康状况和幸福感时,应考虑到老龄化、慢性疾病和共病。支持非专业照护者的干预措施的有效性应在设计方案时全面评估照护者,将干预措施的重点放在非专业照护者身上,而不是照护对象的状况上。