Holmström R, Jussila L, Vauhkonen K
Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl. 1987;333:1-102. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1987.tb10565.x.
The present study forms part of a longitudinal study of mental health and covers a period of 13 years. Two fundamental findings were obtained in the present work. The first of these was in brief that the development of mental disorders and occurrence of symptoms increase with age. The other finding was that men and women differ in many ways from each other in terms of the nature of mental health. We might say that healthy as well as perhaps more disturbed narcissism takes different forms in women and men. Women are more faithful to tradition, men's interest is more directed toward social concerns and object relationships. Women are more practiced in self-observation, while men resort to action and somatization. Women's symptoms are dominated by fear and worry, while men, following tradition have to mask their fears.
本研究是一项关于心理健康的纵向研究的一部分，涵盖了13年的时间。在目前的工作中获得了两个基本发现。第一个简要来说就是精神障碍的发展和症状的出现会随着年龄的增长而增加。另一个发现是，在心理健康的本质方面，男性和女性在许多方面彼此不同。我们可以说，健康的以及可能更紊乱的自恋在女性和男性中呈现出不同的形式。女性更忠于传统，男性的兴趣更多地指向社会关注和客体关系。女性更善于自我观察，而男性则诉诸行动和躯体化。女性的症状以恐惧和担忧为主，而男性则遵循传统，不得不掩饰自己的恐惧。
