Holmström R
Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl. 1989;351:1-27.
The longitudinal research project dealing with the mental health of Finnish students was started in the year 1965. This paper is the fifth follow-up report from research phase III. It describes the most healthy subgroup by contrasting it with the ill subgroup. Time and sex as well as external and internal reality are essential aspects of this comparison between the healthy and the ill. Differences between the healthy and the ill have been described in terms of a) external facts, b) background information (phases I and II) and c) subjective inner feelings. The special character of mental health and illness in men and women is also discussed from several points of view. In the attempt to interpret the extensive body of data and to give it a coherent shape, one general hypothesis which has been formed is that women tend to be characterized by a greater 'mobility' between the more mature, adult level and an earlier one, reaching back all the way to the oral aspects of the dyadic relationship. Such mobility and flexibility has both its advantages and its disadvantages. The specific aspects of women's difficulties are easily obscured by the duality of the roles taken on by the woman, and the great difference between them - that of adult woman and that of mother. In particular the maternal role easily comes to mask problematic early elements, which under subsequent conditions of stress may be activated. The male personality is more definite and clearcut in this respect, but by the same token also more rigid.
一项针对芬兰学生心理健康的纵向研究项目始于1965年。本文是研究第三阶段的第五份随访报告。它通过将最健康的亚组与患病亚组进行对比来描述该亚组。时间和性别以及外部和内部现实是健康组与患病组之间这种比较的重要方面。健康组与患病组之间的差异已从以下几个方面进行了描述：a) 外部事实，b) 背景信息（第一阶段和第二阶段），以及c) 主观内心感受。还从多个角度讨论了男性和女性心理健康与疾病的特殊特征。在试图解读大量数据并使其具有连贯性时，形成的一个总体假设是，女性的特点往往是在更成熟的成人水平和更早的水平之间有更大的“流动性”，一直追溯到二元关系的口欲期方面。这种流动性和灵活性既有优点也有缺点。女性所扮演角色的双重性以及两者之间的巨大差异——成年女性和母亲的角色差异——很容易掩盖女性困难的具体方面。特别是母亲的角色很容易掩盖有问题的早期因素，这些因素在随后的压力条件下可能会被激活。在这方面，男性人格更加明确和清晰，但同样也更加僵化。
