Bioactivity & Sustainable Development (BIODESS) Group, Department of Chemistry, Rodrigo Facio Campus, University of Costa Rica (UCR), San Pedro Montes Oca, San Jose 2060, Costa Rica.
Department of Biology, Costa Rica Institute of Technology (TEC), Cartago 7050, Costa Rica.
Molecules. 2021 Oct 27;26(21):6493. doi: 10.3390/molecules26216493.
There is an increased interest in plum research because of their metabolites' potential bioactivities. In this study, the phenolic profiles of commercial cultivars (Methley, Pisardii and Satsuma) in Costa Rica were determined by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with High Resolution Mass Spectrometry using a quadrupole-time-of-flight analyzer (UPLC-ESI-QTOF MS) on enriched phenolic extracts obtained through Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE) under acidic and neutral extraction conditions. In total, 41 different phenolic compounds were identified in the skin and flesh extracts, comprising 11 flavan-3-ols, 14 flavonoids and 16 hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives. Neutral extractions for the skins and flesh from all of the cultivars yielded a larger number of compounds, and were particularly rich in the number of procyanidin trimers and tetramers when compared to the acid extractions. The total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant potential using the DPPH and ORAC methods exhibited better results for neutral extracts with Satsuma skins and Methley flesh, which showed the best values (685.0 and 801.6 mg GAE/g extract; IC = 4.85 and 4.39 µg/mL; and 12.55 and 12.22 mmol TE/g extract, respectively). A Two-Way ANOVA for cytotoxicity towards AGS gastric adenocarcinoma and SW620 colon adenocarcinoma indicated a significant difference ( < 0.05) for PLE conditions, with better results for neutral extractions, with Satsuma skin delivering the best results (IC = 60.7 and 46.7 µg/mL respectively) along with Methley flesh (IC = 76.3 and 60.9 µg/mL, respectively). In addition, a significant positive correlation was found between TPC and ORAC (r = 0.929, < 0.05), as well as a significant negative correlation ( < 0.05) between TPC and cytotoxicity towards AGS and SW620 cell lines (r = -0.776, and -0.751, respectively). A particularly high, significant, negative correlation ( < 0.05) was found between the number of procyanidins and cytotoxicity against the AGS (r = -0.868) and SW620 (r = -0.855) cell lines. Finally, the PCA clearly corroborated that neutral extracts are a more homogenous group exhibiting higher antioxidant and cytotoxic results regardless of the part or cultivar; therefore, our findings suggest that PLE extracts under neutral conditions would be of interest for further studies on their potential health benefits.
由于其代谢产物的潜在生物活性，人们对李属植物的研究产生了浓厚的兴趣。在这项研究中，通过超高效液相色谱-高分辨率质谱联用四极杆飞行时间分析（UPLC-ESI-QTOF MS），对来自哥斯达黎加的商业品种（Methley、Pisardii 和 Satsuma）的皮和肉进行了酚类物质分析，采用加压液体萃取（PLE）法在酸性和中性提取条件下从富含酚类的提取物中得到。总共在皮和肉提取物中鉴定出 41 种不同的酚类化合物，包括 11 种黄烷-3-醇、14 种类黄酮和 16 种羟基肉桂酸及其衍生物。与酸性提取物相比，所有品种的皮和肉的中性提取物产生了更多的化合物，并且尤其富含原花青素三聚体和四聚体的数量。使用 DPPH 和 ORAC 方法测定的总酚含量（TPC）和抗氧化潜力，对于 Satsuma 皮和 Methley 肉的中性提取物表现出更好的结果，其显示出最佳值（685.0 和 801.6 mg GAE/g 提取物；IC = 4.85 和 4.39 μg/mL；12.55 和 12.22 mmol TE/g 提取物）。对 AGS 胃腺癌和 SW620 结肠腺癌的细胞毒性进行双因素方差分析表明，PLE 条件有显著差异（<0.05），中性提取物的效果更好，Satsuma 皮的效果最好（IC = 60.7 和 46.7 μg/mL），Methley 肉的效果也很好（IC = 76.3 和 60.9 μg/mL）。此外，TPC 与 ORAC 之间存在显著的正相关（r = 0.929，<0.05），TPC 与 AGS 和 SW620 细胞系的细胞毒性之间存在显著的负相关（<0.05）（r = -0.776 和 -0.751）。发现原花青素的数量与 AGS（r = -0.868）和 SW620（r = -0.855）细胞系的细胞毒性之间存在特别高、显著的负相关（<0.05）。最后，PCA 清楚地证实，中性提取物是一个更同质的群体，表现出更高的抗氧化和细胞毒性作用，无论部分或品种如何；因此，我们的研究结果表明，在中性条件下进行 PLE 提取物可能会引起对其潜在健康益处的进一步研究。
