Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
Molecules. 2021 Oct 31;26(21):6615. doi: 10.3390/molecules26216615.
Due to the existence-threatening risk to aquatic life and entire ecosystems, the removal of oxyanions such as sulfate and phosphate from anthropogenic wastewaters, such as municipal effluents and acid mine drainage, is inevitable. Furthermore, phosphorus is an indispensable resource for worldwide plant fertilization, which cannot be replaced by any other substance. This raises phosphate to one of the most important mineral resources worldwide. Thus, efficient recovery of phosphate is essential for ecosystems and the economy. To face the harsh acidic conditions, such as for acid mine drainage, an adsorber material with a high chemical resistivity is beneficial. Poly(melamine--formaldehyde) (PMF) sustains these conditions whilst its very high amount of nitrogen functionalities (up to 53.7 wt.%) act as efficient adsorption sides. To increase adsorption capacities, PMF was synthesized in the form of mesoporous particles using a hard-templating approach yielding specific surface areas up to 409 m/g. Different amounts of silica nanospheres were utilized as template and evaluated for the adsorption of sulfate and phosphate ions. The adsorption isotherms were validated by the Langmuir model. Due to their properties, the PMF particles possessed outperforming maximum adsorption capacities of 341 and 251 mg/g for phosphate and sulfate, respectively. Furthermore, selective adsorption of sulfate from mixed solutions of phosphate and sulfate was found for silica/PMF hybrid particles.
由于对水生生物和整个生态系统存在生存威胁的风险，因此必须从人为废水中去除含氧阴离子，如城市废水和酸性矿山排水。此外，磷是全球植物施肥不可缺少的资源，它不能被任何其他物质所替代。这使得磷成为全球最重要的矿产资源之一。因此，有效回收磷酸盐对于生态系统和经济都是至关重要的。为了应对恶劣的酸性条件，如酸性矿山排水，需要使用具有高耐化学性的吸附剂材料。聚（三聚氰胺-甲醛）（PMF）能够承受这些条件，而其大量的氮官能团（高达 53.7wt%）则作为有效的吸附位。为了提高吸附能力，使用硬模板法将 PMF 合成成为介孔颗粒，比表面积高达 409m/g。不同数量的二氧化硅纳米球被用作模板，并对其吸附硫酸盐和磷酸盐离子的性能进行了评估。吸附等温线通过 Langmuir 模型进行了验证。由于其特性，PMF 颗粒对磷酸盐和硫酸盐的最大吸附容量分别达到 341mg/g 和 251mg/g。此外，还发现二氧化硅/PMF 杂化颗粒对混合溶液中的硫酸盐具有选择性吸附能力。
