Department of Nursing, Umeå University, Linnaeus v 9, 90736, Umeå, Sweden.
BMC Med Ethics. 2021 Nov 12;22(1):151. doi: 10.1186/s12910-021-00722-3.
Moral distress has been described as an emotionally draining condition caused by being prevented from providing care according to one's convictions. Studies have described the impact of moral distress on healthcare professionals, their situations and experiences. The Measure of Moral Distress for Healthcare Professionals (MMD-HP) is a questionnaire that measures moral distress experienced by healthcare professionals at three levels: patient, system and team. The aim of this project was to translate and make a cultural adaption of the MMD -HP to the Swedish context.
The questionnaire comprises 27 items, rated according to frequency and intensity on a five-point Likert scale (0-4). The procedure for translating MMD-HP followed WHO guidelines (2020). These entailed a forward translation from English to Swedish, a back translation, expert panel validation, pretesting and cognitive face-to-face interviews with 10 healthcare professionals from various professions and healthcare contexts.
The Swedish version of MMD-HP corresponds essentially to the concept of the original version. Parts of some items' had to be adjusted or removed in order to make the item relevant and comprehensible in a Swedish context. Overall, the cognitive interviewees recognized the content of the items which generally seemed relevant and comprehensible.
The Swedish version of MMD-HP could be a useful tool for measuring moral distress among healthcare professionals in a Swedish healthcare context.
道德困境是一种情感上的消耗状态，是由于被阻止按照自己的信念提供护理而导致的。研究已经描述了道德困境对医疗保健专业人员、他们的情况和经验的影响。医疗保健专业人员道德困境衡量工具（MMD-HP）是一种衡量医疗保健专业人员在三个层面上经历的道德困境的问卷：患者、系统和团队。本项目的目的是将 MMD-HP 翻译成瑞典语并进行文化调适。
问卷由 27 个项目组成，根据频率和强度在五点李克特量表（0-4）上进行评分。MMD-HP 的翻译程序遵循世界卫生组织的指南（2020 年）。这需要从英语到瑞典语的正向翻译、反向翻译、专家小组验证、预测试和认知面对面访谈，涉及来自不同专业和医疗保健背景的 10 名医疗保健专业人员。
瑞典版的 MMD-HP 与原始版本的概念基本对应。为了使项目在瑞典语境下具有相关性和可理解性，一些项目的部分内容必须进行调整或删除。总的来说，认知访谈者认识到了项目的内容，这些内容通常是相关的和可理解的。
瑞典版的 MMD-HP 可能是衡量瑞典医疗保健环境中医疗保健专业人员道德困境的有用工具。
