El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carretera al Antiguo Aeropuerto km 2.5, CP, 30700, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico.
Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Argentina No.1 Centro, CP, 62790, Xochitepec, Morelos, Mexico.
Vet Parasitol. 2021 Dec;300:109608. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109608. Epub 2021 Oct 27.
The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the in vitro lethal effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of the spent substrate of Pleurotus djamor ECS-123, obtained at 15 days of colonization (SPS) and at the first (SPS1) and second (SPS2) harvests, against infective larvae L of Haemonchus contortus. The in vitro lethal effect was evaluated by the L larval mortality test (LM) using six concentrations: 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg/mL, with ivermectin and thiabendazole (5 mg/mL) as controls. The first harvest extract (SPS1) of strain ECS-123 was subjected to liquid-liquid bipartition, which resulted in two fractions: aqueous (PdAcO) and ethyl acetate (PdAct). The chemical fractionation of PdAct with the highest mortality rate (80.11 %) was carried out with open-column chromatography, giving a total of 13 fractions, which were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and grouped into 5 mixtures (R1;1-3, R2;4-7, R3;8-9, R4;10-11 and R5;12-13). Subsequently, the mixtures were evaluated against H. contortus L larvae. Finally, the components of the mixtures with the highest nematocidal effects were evaluated by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The data were analyzed with a completely randomized design through ANOVA using the generalized linear model (GLM) with the "R" program. The purification and characterization of R4 and R5 by GC-MS revealed the presence of the following compounds: veratryl alcohol, 4-hydroxy-3,5,5 trimethyl-4-[3-oxo-1-butenyl]-2- cyclohexen-1-one, caffeine and 5,6-dimethoxy-1(3 H) isobenzofuranone. This information allowed for the identification of nematocidal compounds in the degraded substrate of P. djamor, an activity that had not been reported previously.
本研究旨在评估和比较在 15 天定植期（SPS）和第一次（SPS1）和第二次（SPS2）收获期获得的白蘑菇废弃基质的水醇提取物（SPS）对感染性幼虫的体外致死作用。通过使用 6 种浓度（1.25、2.5、5、10、20 和 40 mg/mL）的幼虫致死试验（LM）评估体外致死作用，以伊维菌素和噻苯达唑（5 mg/mL）作为对照。菌株 ECS-123 的第一次收获物（SPS1）进行液-液双相分配，得到两个部分：水相（PdAcO）和乙酸乙酯相（PdAct）。致死率最高（80.11%）的 PdAct 化学分段采用开管色谱进行，共得到 13 个馏分，通过薄层层析（TLC）进行分析，并分为 5 个混合物（R1；1-3、R2；4-7、R3；8-9、R4；10-11 和 R5；12-13）。随后，对混合物进行感染性幼虫 L 的评估。最后，通过气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）对具有最高杀线虫效果的混合物成分进行评估。使用广义线性模型（GLM）和“R”程序通过方差分析对数据进行分析。GC-MS 对 R4 和 R5 的纯化和表征表明存在以下化合物：藜芦醇、4-羟基-3,5,5-三甲基-4-[3-氧代-1-丁烯基]-2-环己烯-1-酮、咖啡因和 5,6-二甲氧基-1(3H)异苯并呋喃酮。这些信息有助于鉴定白蘑菇废弃基质中的杀线虫化合物，这是以前未报道过的活性。
