Hrzic Rok, Vogt Tobias, Brand Helmut, Janssen Fanny
Department of International Health, Care and Public Health Research Institute - CAPHRI, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
International Max Planck Research School for Population, Health and Data Science, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany.
Eur J Popul. 2021 Oct 7;37(4-5):909-931. doi: 10.1007/s10680-021-09596-y. eCollection 2021 Nov.
Although European integration can be expected to result in mortality convergence (reduced mortality differences), a life expectancy divide persists in the European Union (EU) between the old Member States (OMS) in the west and the new Member States (NMS) in the east. Studies investigating the impact of European integration on mortality convergence are rare and did not consider regional differences. We examine the short-term effects of the 2004 enlargement on mortality convergence at the supranational, national, and subnational levels. Using sex-specific life expectancies for 23 Member States (1990-2017) and the NUTS 2 regions in Czechia, Hungary, and Poland for 1992-2016, we examined the trend in sigma and beta mortality convergence measures at the country and regional levels using joinpoint regression. We found no compelling evidence that EU accession influenced the process of mortality convergence between OMS and NMS, or within the three NMS, over the short term. While there was overall beta and sigma convergence at the national level during 1990-2017, no regional convergence showed, and the trends in convergence did not significantly change at the time of EU accession or soon after (2004-2007). The accession in 2004 did not visibly impact the overall process of mortality convergence over the short term, likely because of the greater influence of country and region-specific policies and characteristics. The interaction of Member State and regional contexts with the mechanisms of European integration requires further study. Future enlargement procedures should emphasise tailored support to ensure more equitable gains from European integration.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10680-021-09596-y.
尽管欧洲一体化有望导致死亡率趋同（死亡率差异缩小），但欧盟内部东西部之间仍存在预期寿命差距，西部的老成员国（OMS）和东部的新成员国（NMS）之间存在预期寿命差距。研究欧洲一体化对死亡率趋同影响的研究很少，且未考虑地区差异。我们研究了2004年欧盟东扩在超国家、国家和次国家层面上对死亡率趋同的短期影响。利用23个成员国1990 - 2017年按性别划分的预期寿命，以及捷克、匈牙利和波兰1992 - 2016年的NUTS 2地区数据，我们使用连接点回归研究了国家和地区层面上西格玛和贝塔死亡率趋同指标的趋势。我们没有发现令人信服的证据表明，在短期内，加入欧盟影响了老成员国和新成员国之间或三个新成员国国内的死亡率趋同进程。虽然1990 - 2017年期间在国家层面上总体存在贝塔和西格玛趋同，但没有出现地区趋同，而且在加入欧盟时或之后不久（2004 - 2007年）趋同趋势没有显著变化。2004年加入欧盟在短期内没有明显影响死亡率趋同的总体进程，可能是因为国家和地区特定政策及特征的影响更大。成员国和地区背景与欧洲一体化机制的相互作用需要进一步研究。未来的扩大程序应强调提供量身定制的支持，以确保从欧洲一体化中获得更公平的收益。
在线版本包含可在10.1007/s10680 - 021 - 09596 - y获取的补充材料。
