Center for Research in Soft Matter and Polymers, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Chemical Engineering Program, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996, USA.
Soft Matter. 2021 Dec 8;17(47):10591-10613. doi: 10.1039/d1sm01212f.
Due to the potential impact on the diagnosis and treatment of various cardiovascular diseases, work on the rheology of blood has significantly expanded in the last decade, both experimentally and theoretically. Experimentally, blood has been confirmed to demonstrate a variety of non-Newtonian rheological characteristics, including pseudoplasticity, viscoelasticity, and thixotropy. New rheological experiments and the development of more controlled experimental protocols on more extensive, broadly physiologically characterized, human blood samples demonstrate the sensitivity of aspects of hemorheology to several physiological factors. For example, at high shear rates the red blood cells elastically deform, imparting viscoelasticity, while at low shear rates, they form "rouleaux" structures that impart additional, thixotropic behavior. In addition to the advances in experimental methods and validated data sets, significant advances have also been made in both microscopic simulations and macroscopic, continuum, modeling, as well as novel, multiscale approaches. We outline and evaluate the most promising of these recent developments. Although we primarily focus on human blood rheology, we also discuss recent observations on variations observed across some animal species that provide some indication on evolutionary effects.
由于血液流变性对各种心血管疾病的诊断和治疗可能产生影响，过去十年中，无论是在实验还是理论方面，血液流变性的研究都取得了显著进展。实验证实，血液表现出多种非牛顿流变性特征，包括假塑性、粘弹性和触变性。新的流变性实验和对更广泛、更广泛生理特征的人类血液样本的更严格实验方案的开发表明，血液流变学的某些方面对多种生理因素具有敏感性。例如，在高剪切率下，红细胞弹性变形，赋予粘弹性，而在低剪切率下，它们形成“缗线状”结构，赋予额外的触变性行为。除了实验方法和验证数据集的进展外，微观模拟和宏观连续体建模以及新颖的多尺度方法也取得了重大进展。我们概述和评估了这些最新进展中最有前途的部分。尽管我们主要关注人类血液流变学，但我们也讨论了在一些动物物种中观察到的变化，这些变化提供了一些进化影响的迹象。
