Department of Psychology & Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Welfare Sciences/Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
PLoS One. 2021 Nov 18;16(11):e0259463. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259463. eCollection 2021.
Preterm birth(<37 gestational weeks) is associated with numerous adversities, however, data on positive developmental outcomes remain limited. We examined if preterm and term born(≥37 gestational weeks) adults differ in dispositional optimism/pessimism, a personality trait associated with health and wellbeing. We assessed if birth weight z-score, neurosensory impairments and parental education modified the outcome.
We systematically searched PubMed and Web of Science for cohort or case-control studies(born ≥ 1970) with data on gestational age and optimism/pessimism reported using the Life-Orientation-Test-Revised in adulthood(≥18 years). The three identified studies(Helsinki Study of Very Low Birth Weight Adults; Arvo Ylppö Longitudinal Study; Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children) provided data for the two-step random-effects linear regression Individual-Participant-Data meta-analysis.
Preterm and term borns did not differ on optimism(p = 0.76). Preterms scored higher on pessimism than term borns(Mean difference = 0.35, 95%Confidence Interval 0.36, 0.60, p = 0.007), although not after full adjustment. Preterm born participants, but not term born participants, with higher birth weight z-score, had higher optimism scores (0.30 raw score units per standard deviation increase, 95% CI 0.10, 0.49, p = 0.003); preterm vs term x birth weight z-score interaction p = 0.004).
Preterm and term born adults display similar optimism. In preterms, higher birth weight may foster developmental trajectories promoting more optimistic life orientations.
早产（<37 孕周）与许多不良后果相关，然而，有关积极发育结果的数据仍然有限。我们研究了早产儿和足月儿（≥37 孕周）在性格特质方面是否存在差异，该特质与健康和幸福感相关。我们评估了出生体重 z 评分、神经感觉损伤和父母教育是否会改变结果。
我们系统地检索了 PubMed 和 Web of Science 中关于队列或病例对照研究的文献（出生于≥1970 年），这些研究报告了使用成人生活取向测试修订版（≥18 岁）评估的妊娠期和乐观/悲观情绪的数据。三项已确定的研究（赫尔辛基极低出生体重成人研究；Arvo Ylppö 纵向研究；雅芳纵向研究父母与子女）为两步随机效应线性回归个体参与者数据荟萃分析提供了数据。
早产儿和足月儿在乐观情绪方面没有差异（p = 0.76）。与足月儿相比，早产儿的悲观情绪评分更高（平均差异=0.35，95%置信区间 0.36，0.60，p = 0.007），但在充分调整后差异不再显著。出生体重 z 评分较高的早产儿参与者，而不是足月儿参与者，具有更高的乐观得分（每增加一个标准差，原始分数增加 0.30 分，95%置信区间 0.10，0.49，p = 0.003）；早产儿与足月儿 x 出生体重 z 评分交互作用的 p 值为 0.004）。
早产儿和足月儿的成年后表现出相似的乐观情绪。在早产儿中，较高的出生体重可能会促进促进更乐观的生活取向的发育轨迹。
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