Medeiros-Fonseca Beatriz, Abreu-Silva Ana Lúcia, Medeiros Rui, Oliveira Paula A, Gil da Costa Rui M
Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.
Veterinary Sciences Department, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.
Front Vet Sci. 2021 Nov 2;8:758720. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.758720. eCollection 2021.
Bovine papillomavirus (BPV) are a cause for global concern due to their wide distribution and the wide range of benign and malignant diseases they are able to induce. Those lesions include cutaneous and upper digestive papillomas, multiple histological types of urinary bladder cancers-most often associated with BPV1 and BPV2-and squamous cell carcinomas of the upper digestive system, associated with BPV4. Clinical, epidemiological and experimental evidence shows that exposure to bracken fern ( spp.) and other related ferns plays an important role in allowing viral persistence and promoting the malignant transformation of early viral lesions. This carcinogenic potential has been attributed to bracken illudane glycoside compounds with immune suppressive and mutagenic properties, such as ptaquiloside. This review addresses the role of BPV in tumorigenesis and its interactions with bracken illudane glycosides. Current data indicates that inactivation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells by bracken fern illudanes plays a significant role in allowing viral persistence and lesion progression, while BPV drives unchecked cell proliferation and allows the accumulation of genetic damage caused by chemical mutagens. Despite limited progress in controlling bracken infestation in pasturelands, bracken toxins remain a threat to animal health. The number of recognized BPV types has steadily increased over the years and now reaches 24 genotypes with different pathogenic properties. It remains essential to widen the available knowledge concerning BPV and its synergistic interactions with bracken chemical carcinogens, in order to achieve satisfactory control of the livestock losses they induce worldwide.
牛乳头瘤病毒（BPV）因其广泛分布以及能够引发多种良性和恶性疾病而受到全球关注。这些病变包括皮肤和上消化道乳头瘤、多种组织学类型的膀胱癌（最常与BPV1和BPV2相关）以及上消化系统的鳞状细胞癌（与BPV4相关）。临床、流行病学和实验证据表明，接触蕨类植物（ spp.）和其他相关蕨类在病毒持续存在以及促进早期病毒病变的恶性转化中起重要作用。这种致癌潜力归因于具有免疫抑制和诱变特性的蕨类植物半日花烷糖苷化合物，如ptaquiloside。本综述探讨了BPV在肿瘤发生中的作用及其与蕨类植物半日花烷糖苷的相互作用。目前的数据表明，蕨类植物半日花烷使细胞毒性T淋巴细胞和自然杀伤细胞失活在病毒持续存在和病变进展中起重要作用，而BPV驱动不受控制的细胞增殖并使化学诱变剂造成的遗传损伤积累。尽管在控制牧场蕨类植物侵扰方面进展有限，但蕨类毒素仍然对动物健康构成威胁。多年来，已识别的BPV类型数量稳步增加，目前已达24种具有不同致病特性的基因型。为了实现对它们在全球范围内造成的牲畜损失的满意控制，扩大关于BPV及其与蕨类化学致癌物协同相互作用的现有知识仍然至关重要。
