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快速证据审查,为2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)背景下安全重返校园提供信息。

Rapid evidence review to inform safe return to campus in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

作者信息

Greenhalgh Trisha, Katzourakis Aris, Wyatt Tristram D, Griffin Stephen

机构信息

Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OXFORDSHIRE, OX2 6GG, UK.

Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OXFORDSHIRE, OX1 3SY, UK.

出版信息

Wellcome Open Res. 2021 Oct 20;6:282. doi: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17270.1. eCollection 2021.

Abstract

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is transmitted predominantly through the air in crowded and unventilated indoor spaces among unvaccinated people. Universities and colleges are potential settings for its spread. An interdisciplinary team from public health, virology, and biology used narrative methods to summarise and synthesise evidence on key control measures, taking account of mode of transmission. Evidence from a wide range of primary studies supports six measures.  (aim for > 90% coverage and make it easy to get a jab). , especially in crowded settings. If everyone wears well-fitting cloth masks, source control will be high, but for maximum self-protection, respirator masks should be worn.  Masks should not be removed for speaking or singing. by physical distancing (but there is no "safe" distance because transmission risk varies with factors such as ventilation, activity levels and crowding), reducing class size (including offering blended learning), and cohorting (students remain in small groups with no cross-mixing). using engineering controls-ventilation (while monitoring CO levels), inbuilt filtration systems, or portable air cleaners fitted with high efficiency particulate air [HEPA] filters). using lateral flow tests, with tracing and isolating infectious cases when incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is high. to work remotely. There is no direct evidence to support hand sanitising, fomite controls or temperature-taking. There is evidence that freestanding plastic screens, face visors and electronic air-cleaning systems are ineffective. The above six evidence-based measures should be combined into a multi-faceted strategy to maximise both student safety and the continuation of in-person and online education provision. Staff and students seeking to negotiate a safe working and learning environment should collect data (e.g. CO levels, room occupancy) to inform conversations.

摘要

严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2)主要在未接种疫苗的人群中,通过拥挤且通风不良的室内空间中的空气传播。大学是其传播的潜在场所。一个由公共卫生、病毒学和生物学领域组成的跨学科团队采用叙述方法,在考虑传播方式的情况下,总结并综合了关于关键控制措施的证据。来自广泛的原始研究的证据支持六项措施。(目标是覆盖率>90%,并使接种疫苗变得容易),尤其是在拥挤的环境中。如果每个人都佩戴贴合面部的布口罩,源头控制效果会很高,但为了实现最大程度的自我保护,应佩戴呼吸防护口罩。说话或唱歌时不应摘下口罩。通过保持身体距离(但不存在“安全”距离,因为传播风险会因通风、活动水平和拥挤程度等因素而有所不同)、减少班级规模(包括提供混合式学习)以及进行分组(学生分成小组,不交叉混合)。使用工程控制措施——通风(同时监测一氧化碳水平)、内置过滤系统或配备高效空气过滤器[HEPA]的便携式空气净化器)。在2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)发病率较高时,使用侧向流动检测,并追踪和隔离感染病例。远程办公。没有直接证据支持手部消毒、物体表面控制或体温检测。有证据表明,独立的塑料屏风、面罩和电子空气净化系统无效。上述六项基于证据的措施应结合成一个多方面的策略,以最大限度地保障学生安全,并确保面授和在线教育的持续开展。寻求协商安全工作和学习环境的教职员工和学生应收集数据(如一氧化碳水平、房间占用情况),为相关讨论提供信息。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0e6e/8567688/713d6a588966/wellcomeopenres-6-19088-g0000.jpg

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