Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2022 Feb 1;29(1):44-51. doi: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000690.
Adolescence and young adulthood are a critical period in the life of women for optimizing long-term bone health. Young athletes lead a demanding lifestyle with increased dietary requirements to meet the robust demands of energy expenditure to maintain a state of energy balance. During a time of fast paced changes and unpredictable societal demands on young athletes, it is important to review the severe consequences of energy deficiency and options for adequate management.
This review focuses on hormonal adaptations that occur in energy deficient female athletes that lead to menstrual irregularities and impaired bone health, increasing the risk for stress and other fractures. We also describe management strategies to mitigate the consequences of limited energy availability on bone and other outcomes.
These strategies should help guide the management of young female athletes to prevent irreversible changes to their bone health. Identifying current knowledge should help increase awareness among medical providers, which can then be communicated to the sports community, parents, and athletes.
青春期和青年期是女性优化长期骨骼健康的关键时期。年轻运动员的生活方式要求苛刻，饮食需求增加，以满足维持能量平衡的高能量消耗的旺盛需求。在年轻运动员面临快速变化和社会对他们的不可预测的需求的时期，重要的是要回顾能量不足的严重后果和充足管理的选择。
本综述重点介绍了能量不足的女性运动员中发生的激素适应性，这些适应性导致月经不规律和骨骼健康受损，增加了压力和其他骨折的风险。我们还描述了减轻有限能量供应对骨骼和其他结果的影响的管理策略。
这些策略应该有助于指导年轻女性运动员的管理，以防止骨骼健康的不可逆转变化。确定当前的知识应该有助于提高医疗服务提供者的认识，然后可以将这些知识传达给体育界、家长和运动员。
