Diakoumopoulou Dimitra, Magana Maria, Karoussis Ioannis K, Nikolaou Chrysoula, Chatzipanagiotou Stylianos, Ioannidis Anastasios
Department of Clinical Microbiology, Athens Medical School, Aeginition Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Heliyon. 2021 Nov 10;7(11):e08342. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08342. eCollection 2021 Nov.
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES: Periodontitis comprises of a wide range of inflammatory conditions of the gums leading to soft tissue damage and attachment loss. The initiation of periodontitis constitutes a rather complex disease pathogenesis which is based on pathogenic shifts of the oral microbiota combined with the host-microbiome interactions. The severity of the periodontitis is multifactorial depending on genetic, environmental, as well as host immunity factors.
To make an inclusive analysis on the periodontitis therapeutics, reading of the recent relevant literature was carried out using the MEDLINE/PubMed database, Google Scholar and the NIH public online database for clinical trials (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Tackling the inflammation associated periodontal defects can be succeeded with conventional therapy or resective and regenerative treatment. To date, the mechanical removal of the supragingival and subgingival biofilm is considered the "gold standard" of periodontal therapy in combination with the use of antibacterial compounds. The antimicrobial resistance phenomenon tends to turn all the currently applied antibacterials into "endangered species". Ongoing efforts through the conduct of clinical trials should be focused on understanding the advantages of modern approaches in comparison to traditional therapies.
引言/目的：牙周炎包括多种牙龈炎症性疾病，可导致软组织损伤和附着丧失。牙周炎的发病构成了一种相当复杂的疾病发病机制，其基于口腔微生物群的致病性转变以及宿主 - 微生物组相互作用。牙周炎的严重程度是多因素的，取决于遗传、环境以及宿主免疫因素。
为了对牙周炎治疗方法进行全面分析，使用MEDLINE/PubMed数据库、谷歌学术以及美国国立卫生研究院临床试验公共在线数据库（http://www.clinicaltrials.gov）查阅了近期相关文献。
通过传统治疗或切除性及再生性治疗可以成功解决与炎症相关的牙周缺损问题。迄今为止，龈上和龈下生物膜的机械清除与抗菌化合物的使用相结合被认为是牙周治疗的“金标准”。抗菌耐药现象倾向于使所有目前应用的抗菌药物变成“濒危物种”。通过开展临床试验持续进行的努力应集中于了解现代方法相较于传统疗法的优势。
