Division of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India.
Drug Standardization Unit, DDPR Central Research Institute for Homoeopathy, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India.
Metab Brain Dis. 2022 Feb;37(2):383-396. doi: 10.1007/s11011-021-00874-6. Epub 2021 Nov 24.
Bacopa monnieri L. (BM; Family: Scrophulariaceae), commonly known as Brahmi, is traditionally used as a nootropic agent. BM also exhibits significant analgesic activity in experimental models of pain. However, the effect of Bacopa monnieri against glutamate-induced nociception in zebrafish is yet to be explored in experimental condition. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the effect of BM against glutamate-induced nociception and brain mitochondrial toxicity in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). BM at 0.625, 1.25 and 2.5 mg/ml was administered to adult zebrafish and after half an hour glutamate was injected through i.m. route of administration. Indomethacin was used as standard drug. After behavioral analysis, the fish were euthanized and the brain was isolated and stored for further biochemical analysis. BM (1.25 and 2.5 mg/ml) and indomethacin significantly attenuated the glutamate-induced increase in number of line crossing compared to control group animals. Additionally, BM (1.25 and 2.5 mg/ml) and indomethacin significantly reduced the glutamate induced increase in cytosolic calcium level. Further, there was a substantial improvement in mitochondrial function, integrity and bioenergetics in term of respiratory control rate and ADP/O in zebrafish brain. Moreover, BM (1.25 and 2.5 mg/ml) and indomethacin significantly reduced the glutamate-induced mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in zebrafish brain. Therefore, BM could be a potential alternative drug candidate in the management of pain.
印度人参（BM；玄参科），俗称 Brahmi，传统上被用作益智药。BM 在疼痛的实验模型中也表现出显著的镇痛活性。然而，在实验条件下，印度人参对斑马鱼谷氨酸诱导的伤害感受的影响尚未得到探索。因此，本研究旨在评估 BM 对成年斑马鱼（Danio rerio）中谷氨酸诱导的伤害感受和脑线粒体毒性的影响。将 0.625、1.25 和 2.5 mg/ml 的 BM 施用于成年斑马鱼，半小时后通过肌肉内途径注射谷氨酸。吲哚美辛用作标准药物。进行行为分析后，将鱼处死并分离大脑并储存以备进一步进行生化分析。与对照组动物相比，BM（1.25 和 2.5 mg/ml）和吲哚美辛显著减轻了谷氨酸诱导的线交叉次数增加。此外，BM（1.25 和 2.5 mg/ml）和吲哚美辛显著降低了谷氨酸诱导的细胞溶质钙水平升高。此外，斑马鱼大脑中的呼吸控制率和 ADP/O 方面的线粒体功能、完整性和生物能学有了实质性的改善。此外，BM（1.25 和 2.5 mg/ml）和吲哚美辛显著减少了斑马鱼大脑中谷氨酸诱导的线粒体依赖性细胞凋亡。因此，BM 可能是疼痛管理的潜在替代药物候选物。
