Spangaro Jo, Toole-Anstey Chye, MacPhail Catherine L, Rambaldini-Gooding Delia C, Keevers Lynne, Garcia-Moreno Claudia
Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20 - 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
Confl Health. 2021 Nov 24;15(1):86. doi: 10.1186/s13031-021-00417-x.
Sexual violence and intimate partner violence are exacerbated by armed conflict and other humanitarian crises. This narrative systematic review of evidence for interventions to reduce risk and incidence of sexual and intimate partner violence in conflict, post-conflict and other humanitarian crises, updates and expands our review published in 2013. A search of ten bibliographic databases for publications from January 2011 to May 2020 used database specific key words for sexual/intimate partner violence and conflict/humanitarian crisis. The 18 papers, describing 16 studies were undertaken in conflict/post-conflict settings in 12 countries. Six intervention types were reported: i) personnel; ii) community mobilisation; iii) social norms; iv) economic empowerment; v) empowerment; and vi) survivor responses, with the most common being economic empowerment (n = 7) and gendered social norms interventions (n = 6). Combined interventions were reported in nine papers. Four studies identified non-significant reductions in incidence of sexual/ intimate partner violence, showing an evident positive trend; all four evaluated gendered social norms or economic empowerment singly or in combination. Evidence for improved mental health outcomes was found for some economic empowerment, social norms and survivor interventions. Some evidence of reduced risk of sexual violence and intimate partner violence was identified for all intervention types. Qualitative studies suggest that experiences of social connection are important for women who participate in programming to address sexual and intimate partner violence. Interventions with multiple strategies appear to hold merit. Achieving and demonstrating reduced sexual and intimate partner violence remains challenging in this context. Future research should continue to explore how social norms interventions can be most effectively delivered, including the impact of including mixed and same sex groups. Work is needed with local partners to ensure programs are contextually adapted.
武装冲突和其他人道主义危机加剧了性暴力和亲密伴侣暴力。本叙述性系统综述对在冲突、冲突后及其他人道主义危机中降低性暴力和亲密伴侣暴力风险及发生率的干预措施的证据进行了更新和扩展，该综述于2013年发表。通过检索十个文献数据库，查找2011年1月至2020年5月期间发表的关于性暴力/亲密伴侣暴力以及冲突/人道主义危机的特定数据库关键词的出版物。这18篇论文描述了在12个国家的冲突/冲突后环境中进行的16项研究。报告了六种干预类型：i）人员；ii）社区动员；iii）社会规范；iv）经济赋权；v）赋权；vi）幸存者应对措施，其中最常见的是经济赋权（n = 7）和针对性别的社会规范干预（n = 6）。九篇论文报告了联合干预措施。四项研究发现性暴力/亲密伴侣暴力发生率有不显著的降低，呈现出明显的积极趋势；所有四项研究单独或联合评估了针对性别的社会规范或经济赋权。对于一些经济赋权、社会规范和幸存者干预措施，发现了心理健康状况改善的证据。所有干预类型都有一些证据表明性暴力和亲密伴侣暴力风险降低。定性研究表明，社会联系体验对于参与针对性暴力和亲密伴侣暴力项目的女性很重要。采用多种策略的干预措施似乎有价值。在这种背景下，实现并证明性暴力和亲密伴侣暴力的减少仍然具有挑战性。未来的研究应继续探索如何最有效地实施社会规范干预措施，包括纳入混合和同性群体的影响。需要与当地合作伙伴合作，以确保项目因地制宜。
