Wahab Suzaily, Yong Li Ling, Chieng Wei Keong, Yamil Myristica, Sawal Noor Azah, Abdullah Nurul Qiyaam, Muhdisin Noor Cyntiya Rahmawati, Wd Wiredarma Siti Mardiyah, Ismail Rosnah, Othman Aisya Hanim, Damanhuri Hanafi Ahmad
Department of Psychiatry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Faculty of Health Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram, Kota Mataram, Indonesia.
Front Psychiatry. 2021 Nov 8;12:680393. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.680393. eCollection 2021.
Natural disasters may physically and psychologically affect individuals and their surrounding community. This study determines the prevalence of post-traumatic stress (PTS) symptoms and its association with maladaptive trauma-related cognition and resilience among adolescents post-earthquake. Data were collected, in this cross-sectional study, during an intervention program post-earthquake held in a state high school located at Lombok, Indonesia. The study sample engaged students 14-19 years of age using the purposive sampling method. The questionnaires used to measure PTS symptoms, maladaptive trauma-related cognition, and resilience were Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale-13 (CRIES-13), Child Post-Traumatic Cognitions Inventory (CPTCI), and Child and Youth Resilience Measure-Revised (CYRM-R), respectively. The prevalence of PTS symptoms was 69.9%. Among the respondents, 61.37% were female and 56.48% had mothers with lower educational levels. Using multiple linear regression, the final predictors of PTS symptoms were excessive reactions (e.g., wailing loudly, miserable shrieking) of proxy during earthquake ( = 3.283, = 0.005), maladaptive trauma-related cognition ( = 0.224, = 0.002), and resilience ( = 0.192, < 0.001) with female gender ( = 7.350, < 0.001) as a control variable. Through simple linear regression, victims who witnessed injury or death during the earthquake ( = 0.003), had a proxy died during the earthquake ( = 0.01), and trapped victims or those who had difficulty escaping ( = 0.01) were identified to potentially predict the occurrence of PTS symptoms, warranting further study. The presence of excessive proxy reactions during the earthquake, maladaptive trauma-related cognition, and resilience in adolescents exposed to a natural disaster are worth targeting and prioritizing in future post-disaster interventions.
自然灾害可能会对个人及其周边社区造成身体和心理上的影响。本研究旨在确定地震后青少年创伤后应激（PTS）症状的患病率及其与适应不良的创伤相关认知和复原力的关联。在这项横断面研究中，数据收集于印度尼西亚龙目岛一所国立高中在地震后开展的一项干预项目期间。该研究样本采用目的抽样法选取了14至19岁的学生。用于测量PTS症状、适应不良的创伤相关认知和复原力的问卷分别为儿童事件影响量表修订版-13（CRIES-13）、儿童创伤后认知量表（CPTCI）和儿童与青少年复原力测量修订版（CYRM-R）。PTS症状的患病率为69.9%。在受访者中，61.37%为女性，56.48%的母亲教育水平较低。使用多元线性回归分析，PTS症状的最终预测因素为地震期间代理人的过度反应（如大声哭泣、凄惨尖叫）（β = 3.283，p = 0.005）、适应不良的创伤相关认知（β = 0.224，p = 0.002）、复原力（β = 0.192，p < 0.001），并将女性性别作为控制变量（β = 7.350，p < 0.001）。通过简单线性回归分析发现，在地震期间目睹他人受伤或死亡的受害者（β = 0.003）、有代理人在地震中死亡的受害者（β = 0.01）以及被困或难以逃脱的受害者（β = 0.01）可能预示着PTS症状的发生，值得进一步研究。在遭受自然灾害的青少年中，地震期间代理人的过度反应、适应不良的创伤相关认知和复原力情况，在未来的灾后干预中值得作为目标并优先考虑。
