Song Mingzhe, Tang Zhenjie, Liu Yuhong, Xie Xinlong, Qi Xiaoke, Wu Qiying, Jiang Zhenlin, Wu Zhongshi, Qian Tao
Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Engineering Laboratory of Hunan Province for Cardiovascular Biomaterials, Changsha, China.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2021 Nov 8;9:766991. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.766991. eCollection 2021.
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has received much attention and development in the past decade due to its lower risk of complication and infections compared to a traditional open thoracotomy. However, the current commercial transcatheter heart valve does not fully meet clinical needs; therefore, new biological materials must be found in order to meet these requirements. We have discovered a new type of biological material, the yak pericardium. This current research studied its extracellular matrix structure, composition, mechanical properties, and amino acid content. Folding experiment was carried out to analyze the structure and mechanics after folding. We also conducted a subcutaneous embedding experiment to analyze the inflammatory response and calcification after implantation. Australian bovine pericardium, local bovine pericardium, and porcine pericardium were used as controls. The overall structure of the yak pericardium is flat, the collagen runs regularly, it has superior mechanical properties, and the average thickness is significantly lower than that of the Australian bovine and the local bovine pericardium control groups. The yak pericardium has a higher content of elastic fibers, showing that it has a better compression resistance effect during the folding experiment as well as having less expression of transplantation-related antigens. We conducted experiments and found that the yak pericardium has less inflammation and a lower degree of calcification. In summary, the yak pericardium, which is thin and strong, has lower immunogenicity and outstanding anti-calcification effects may be an excellent candidate valve leaflet material for TAVI.
与传统开胸手术相比，经导管主动脉瓣植入术（TAVI）在过去十年中受到了广泛关注并取得了发展，因其并发症和感染风险较低。然而，目前的商用经导管心脏瓣膜尚未完全满足临床需求；因此，必须寻找新的生物材料来满足这些要求。我们发现了一种新型生物材料——牦牛心包。本研究对其细胞外基质结构、组成、力学性能和氨基酸含量进行了研究。进行了折叠实验以分析折叠后的结构和力学性能。我们还进行了皮下植入实验，以分析植入后的炎症反应和钙化情况。以澳大利亚牛心包、本地牛心包和猪心包作为对照。牦牛心包的整体结构平整，胶原排列规则，具有优异的力学性能，平均厚度明显低于澳大利亚牛心包和本地牛心包对照组。牦牛心包的弹性纤维含量较高，表明其在折叠实验中具有较好的抗压效果，且移植相关抗原的表达较少。我们通过实验发现，牦牛心包的炎症较少，钙化程度较低。综上所述，牦牛心包薄而坚韧，免疫原性低，抗钙化效果突出，可能是TAVI理想的瓣膜小叶材料候选者。
