Allergy Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Faculty of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Clin Exp Allergy. 2022 Apr;52(4):489-498. doi: 10.1111/cea.14063. Epub 2021 Dec 2.
The yellow-legged or Asian wasp (Vespa velutina nigrithorax) has spread rapidly across Europe since its first introduction in France, in 2004. Originally from South-East Asia, it is considered an invasive species outside its native region. Apart from the ecological and economic implications of its presence, it may cause health problems to humans due to the toxic and allergenic components of its venom. Vespa velutina nigrithorax has become the most prevalent cause of anaphylaxis due to Hymenoptera venom in some regions of Spain. Although sIgE against both antigen 5 (Vesp v 5) and A1-phospholipase (Vesp v 1) has been detected in these patients, only Vesp v 5 may be considered a dominant allergen. Interestingly, Vesp v 1 appears to be a glycosylated allergen different from A1-phospholipases from other species. Inhibition studies suggest that Vespula spp venom could behave as primary sensitizer. Besides, changes in sIgE and sIgG4 during Vespula venom immunotherapy in patients with anaphylaxis due to V. velutina support the use of Vespula venom extracts to treat these patients. The purpose of this review is to explore the biological behaviour of V. velutina and to summarize the current knowledge of the allergic reactions provoked by this wasp.
黄脚胡蜂（Vespa velutina nigrithorax）自 2004 年首次在法国引入以来，已在欧洲迅速传播。它原产于东南亚，在其原生地区以外被认为是入侵物种。除了对生态和经济的影响外，它的毒液中的有毒和过敏原成分可能会给人类健康带来问题。在西班牙的一些地区，黄脚胡蜂已成为由于膜翅目毒液引起的过敏反应的最常见原因。尽管这些患者中检测到针对抗原 5（Vesp v 5）和 A1-磷脂酶（Vesp v 1）的 sIgE，但只有 Vesp v 5 可被视为主要过敏原。有趣的是，Vesp v 1 似乎是一种不同于其他物种的 A1-磷脂酶的糖基化过敏原。抑制研究表明，胡蜂毒液可能作为主要致敏原。此外，由于 V. velutina 引起的过敏反应患者在接受胡蜂毒液免疫治疗期间 sIgE 和 sIgG4 的变化，支持使用胡蜂毒液提取物来治疗这些患者。本综述的目的是探讨 V. velutina 的生物学行为，并总结有关这种黄蜂引起的过敏反应的现有知识。
