Grgic Jozo, Mikulic Ivan, Mikulic Pavle
Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3011, Australia.
Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Sports (Basel). 2021 Nov 12;9(11):153. doi: 10.3390/sports9110153.
This review aimed to perform a meta-analysis examining the following: (a) acute effects of adopting an internal focus vs. external focus of attention on muscular strength; and (b) long-term effects of adopting an internal focus vs. external focus of attention during resistance training on gains in muscular strength. We searched through five databases to find eligible studies. Random-effects meta-analyses of standardized mean differences were conducted to analyze the data. Ten studies were included. In the meta-analysis for the acute effects, there was a significant positive effect of external focus on muscular strength (standardized mean difference: 0.34; 95% confidence interval: 0.22, 0.46). In the meta-analysis for the long-term effects, there was no significant difference between training with an internal focus and external focus on muscular strength gains (standardized mean difference: 0.32; 95% confidence interval: -0.08, 0.73). In the subgroup analysis for lower-body exercises, we found a significant positive effect of training with an external focus on muscular strength gains (standardized mean difference: 0.47; 95% confidence interval: 0.07, 0.87). In summary, our findings indicate an acute increase in muscular strength when utilizing an external focus of attention. When applied over the long-term, using an external focus of attention may also enhance resistance training-induced gains in lower-body muscular strength.
本综述旨在进行一项荟萃分析，以检验以下内容：(a) 采用内部注意力焦点与外部注意力焦点对肌肉力量的急性影响；以及 (b) 在阻力训练期间采用内部注意力焦点与外部注意力焦点对肌肉力量增长的长期影响。我们检索了五个数据库以查找符合条件的研究。对标准化均值差异进行随机效应荟萃分析以分析数据。共纳入10项研究。在急性影响的荟萃分析中，外部焦点对肌肉力量有显著的积极影响（标准化均值差异：0.34；95%置信区间：0.22, 0.46）。在长期影响的荟萃分析中，采用内部焦点训练和外部焦点训练在肌肉力量增长方面没有显著差异（标准化均值差异：0.32；95%置信区间：-0.08, 0.73）。在下半身运动的亚组分析中，我们发现采用外部焦点训练对肌肉力量增长有显著的积极影响（标准化均值差异：0.47；95%置信区间：0.07, 0.87）。总之，我们的研究结果表明，当采用外部注意力焦点时，肌肉力量会急性增加。长期应用时，采用外部注意力焦点也可能增强阻力训练引起的下半身肌肉力量增长。
