University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Sports Med. 2017 Aug;47(8):1603-1617. doi: 10.1007/s40279-017-0676-4.
Movement velocity is an acute resistance-training variable that can be manipulated to potentially optimize dynamic muscular strength development. However, it is unclear whether performing faster or slower repetitions actually influences dynamic muscular strength gains.
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the effect of movement velocity during resistance training on dynamic muscular strength.
Five electronic databases were searched using terms related to movement velocity and resistance training. Studies were deemed eligible for inclusion if they met the following criteria: randomized and non-randomized comparative studies; published in English; included healthy adults; used isotonic resistance-exercise interventions directly comparing fast or explosive training to slower movement velocity training; matched in prescribed intensity and volume; duration ≥4 weeks; and measured dynamic muscular strength changes.
A total of 15 studies were identified that investigated movement velocity in accordance with the criteria outlined. Fast and moderate-slow resistance training were found to produce similar increases in dynamic muscular strength when all studies were included. However, when intensity was accounted for, there was a trend for a small effect favoring fast compared with moderate-slow training when moderate intensities, defined as 60-79% one repetition maximum, were used (effect size 0.31; p = 0.06). Strength gains between conditions were not influenced by training status and age.
Overall, the results suggest that fast and moderate-slow resistance training improve dynamic muscular strength similarly in individuals within a wide range of training statuses and ages. Resistance training performed at fast movement velocities using moderate intensities showed a trend for superior muscular strength gains as compared to moderate-slow resistance training. Both training practices should be considered for novice to advanced, young and older resistance trainers targeting dynamic muscular strength.
运动速度是一种急性抗阻训练变量，可以进行调整，以潜在地优化动态肌肉力量发展。然而，目前尚不清楚进行更快或更慢的重复训练实际上是否会影响动态肌肉力量的增长。
我们进行了一项系统评价和荟萃分析，以检验抗阻训练中运动速度对动态肌肉力量的影响。
使用与运动速度和抗阻训练相关的术语，对 5 个电子数据库进行了检索。如果研究符合以下标准，则被认为符合纳入标准：随机和非随机对照研究；以英文发表；纳入健康成年人；使用等张抗阻运动干预措施，直接比较快速或爆发性训练与较慢运动速度训练；在规定的强度和量方面相匹配；持续时间≥4 周；并测量动态肌肉力量变化。
共确定了 15 项符合所概述标准的研究，这些研究调查了运动速度。当纳入所有研究时，发现快速和中速-慢速抗阻训练均可使动态肌肉力量产生相似的增加。然而，当考虑到强度时，当使用中等强度（定义为 60-79% 1 次重复最大强度）时，快速与中速-慢速训练相比，力量增加存在有利于快速训练的趋势（效应量 0.31；p=0.06）。条件之间的力量增益不受训练状态和年龄的影响。
总体而言，结果表明，在广泛的训练状态和年龄范围内，快速和中速-慢速抗阻训练均可使动态肌肉力量相似地提高。使用中等强度进行快速运动速度的抗阻训练与中速-慢速抗阻训练相比，显示出肌肉力量增益更优的趋势。对于针对动态肌肉力量的新手到高级、年轻和年长的抗阻训练者，这两种训练实践都应该被考虑。
