Centro de Investigación Mariña (CIM), Universidade de Vigo, Future Oceans Lab, Campus Lagoas Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain.
Mareira Bizi Sociedade Cooperativa Galega, O Cruceiro, Briallos 23-B, 36658, Portas, Spain.
Sci Rep. 2021 Nov 25;11(1):22926. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-02328-6.
Climate change is already impacting fisheries with species moving across fishing areas, crossing institutional borders, and thus creating conflicts over fisheries management. In this scenario, scholars agree that adaptation to climate change requires that fisheries increase their social, institutional, and ecological resilience. The resilience or capacity of a fishery to be maintained without shifting to a different state (e.g., collapse) is at stake under climate change impacts and overexploitation. Despite this urgent need, applying the resilience concept in a spatially explicit and quantitative manner to inform policy remains unexplored. We take a resilience approach and operationalize the concept in industrial fisheries for two species that have been observed to significantly shift distribution in European waters: hake (Merluccius merluccius) and cod (Gadus morhua), in the context of the European Union institutional settings. With a set of resilience factors from the literature and by means of contemporary and historic data, we select indicators that are combined into an index that measures resilience on the ecologic, socioeconomic, and institutional dimensions of the fishery. We find that the resilience index varies among species and countries, with lower resilience levels in the socioeconomic dimension of the fisheries. We also see that resilience largely depends on the overexploitation status of the fishery. The results highlight the need to address social and institutional settings to enhance fisheries adaptation to climate change and allow to inform on climate resilient adaptation pathways for the fisheries.
气候变化已经对渔业产生影响，鱼类向捕鱼区迁移，跨越机构边界，从而导致渔业管理方面的冲突。在这种情况下，学者们一致认为，适应气候变化需要渔业提高其社会、机构和生态弹性。在气候变化的影响和过度捕捞下，渔业的弹性或保持不变状态（例如，不崩溃）的能力受到威胁。尽管有这种迫切需要，但以空间明确和定量的方式应用弹性概念来为政策提供信息仍然是一个未被探索的领域。我们采取了一种弹性方法，并在欧盟的制度背景下，针对在欧洲水域分布明显发生变化的两种鱼类（鳕鱼和无须鳕）的工业渔业中对该概念进行了操作化。根据文献中的一系列弹性因素，并利用当代和历史数据，我们选择了一些指标，这些指标组合成一个指数，用于衡量渔业在生态、社会经济和机构维度上的弹性。我们发现，弹性指数因物种和国家而异，渔业的社会经济维度的弹性水平较低。我们还发现，弹性在很大程度上取决于渔业的过度捕捞状况。研究结果强调了需要解决社会和机构方面的问题，以加强渔业对气候变化的适应能力，并为渔业提供适应气候变化的弹性路径信息。
