Ojea Elena, Pearlman Isaac, Gaines Steven D, Lester Sarah E
Future Oceans Lab, University of Vigo, Edificio Torre CACTI, Campus Universitario, 36310, Vigo, Spain.
Basque Center for Climate Change (BC3), Bilbao, Spain.
Ambio. 2017 May;46(4):399-412. doi: 10.1007/s13280-016-0850-1. Epub 2016 Nov 16.
Climate change is already producing ecological, social, and economic impacts on fisheries, and these effects are expected to increase in frequency and magnitude in the future. Fisheries governance and regulations can alter socio-ecological resilience to climate change impacts via harvest control rules and incentives driving fisher behavior, yet there are no syntheses or conceptual frameworks for examining how institutions and their regulatory approaches can alter fisheries resilience to climate change. We identify nine key climate resilience criteria for fisheries socio-ecological systems (SES), defining resilience as the ability of the coupled system of interacting social and ecological components (i.e., the SES) to absorb change while avoiding transformation into a different undesirable state. We then evaluate the capacity of four fisheries regulatory systems that vary in their degree of property rights, including open access, limited entry, and two types of rights-based management, to increase or inhibit resilience. Our exploratory assessment of evidence in the literature suggests that these regulatory regimes vary widely in their ability to promote resilient fisheries, with rights-based approaches appearing to offer more resilience benefits in many cases, but detailed characteristics of the regulatory instruments are fundamental.
气候变化已经对渔业产生生态、社会和经济影响，预计这些影响在未来的频率和规模将会增加。渔业治理和监管可以通过捕捞控制规则以及驱动渔民行为的激励措施来改变社会生态系统对气候变化影响的适应能力，然而，目前还没有关于研究机构及其监管方法如何改变渔业对气候变化适应能力的综合报告或概念框架。我们确定了渔业社会生态系统（SES）的九个关键气候适应能力标准，将适应能力定义为相互作用的社会和生态组成部分的耦合系统（即SES）吸收变化同时避免转变为不同不良状态的能力。然后，我们评估了四种在产权程度上有所不同的渔业监管系统的能力，包括开放式准入、有限准入以及两种基于权利的管理方式，以确定它们增强或抑制适应能力的情况。我们对文献证据的探索性评估表明，这些监管制度在促进渔业适应能力方面的能力差异很大，在许多情况下，基于权利的方法似乎能带来更多适应能力方面的益处，但监管工具的详细特征至关重要。
