Lindborg Regina, Ermold Matti, Kuglerová Lenka, Jansson Roland, Larson Keith W, Milbau Ann, Cousins Sara A O
Landscape, Environment and Geomatics Department of Physical Geography Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden.
Bolin Centre for Climate Research Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden.
Ecol Evol. 2021 Nov 3;11(22):16228-16238. doi: 10.1002/ece3.8303. eCollection 2021 Nov.
Global warming affects plant fitness through changes in functional traits and thereby ecosystem function. Wetlands are declining worldwide, and hence, ecosystem functions linked to wetlands are threatened. We use "a common wetland plant" to study whether warming affects growth and reproduction differently depending on origin of source population, potentially affecting phenotypic response to local climate. We conducted a 2-year temperature manipulation experiment using clone pairs of . in four regions, along a 1300-km latitudinal gradient of Sweden. Open-top chambers were used to passively increase temperature, paired with controls. Growth and reproductive traits were measured from 320 plants (four regions × five sites × two treatments × eight plants) over two consecutive seasons to assess the effect of warming over time. We found that warming increased plant height, leaf area, number of leaves, and roots. High-latitude populations responded more strongly to warming than low-latitude populations, especially by increasing leaf area. Warming increased number of flowers in general, but only in the second year, while number of fruits increased in low-latitude populations the first year. Prolonged warming leads to an increase in both number of leaves and flowers over time. While reproduction shows varying and regional responses to warming, impacts on plant growth, especially in high-latitude populations, have more profound effects. Such effects could lead to changes in plant community composition with increased abundance of fast-growing plants with larger leaves and more clones, affecting plant competition and ecological functions such as decomposition and nutrient retention. Effects of warming were highly context dependent; thus, we encourage further use of warming experiments to predict changes in growth, reproduction, and community composition across wetland types and climate gradients targeting different plant forms.
全球变暖通过功能性状的变化影响植物适应性，进而影响生态系统功能。全球湿地正在减少，因此与湿地相关的生态系统功能受到威胁。我们使用“一种常见的湿地植物”来研究变暖是否会根据源种群的来源不同而对生长和繁殖产生不同影响，这可能会影响植物对当地气候的表型响应。我们沿着瑞典1300公里的纬度梯度，在四个地区对[植物名称]的克隆对进行了为期两年的温度控制实验。使用开顶式生长室被动升高温度，并设置对照组。在两个连续季节中，对320株植物（四个地区×五个地点×两种处理×八株植物）的生长和繁殖性状进行测量，以评估变暖随时间的影响。我们发现，变暖增加了植物高度、叶面积、叶片数量和根系。高纬度种群对变暖的响应比低纬度种群更强烈，尤其是叶面积增加。总体而言，变暖增加了花朵数量，但仅在第二年，而低纬度种群的果实数量在第一年增加。长期变暖会导致叶片和花朵数量随时间增加。虽然繁殖对变暖表现出不同的区域响应，但对植物生长的影响，尤其是在高纬度种群中，影响更为深远。这些影响可能导致植物群落组成发生变化，叶片较大且克隆体较多的快速生长植物数量增加，从而影响植物竞争以及分解和养分保留等生态功能。变暖的影响高度依赖于环境背景；因此，我们鼓励进一步开展变暖实验，以预测不同湿地类型和气候梯度下针对不同植物形态的生长、繁殖和群落组成变化。
