Chalençon Laura, Thevenet Marc, Noury Norbert, Bensafi Moustafa, Mandairon Nathalie
Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Neurobiology and Plasticity of Olfactory Perception Team, University Lyon1, Inserm U1028 - CNRS UMR5292, F-69000, France; INSERM, U1028 CNRS UMR5292, F-69000, France; Neurobiology and Plasticity of Olfactory Perception Team, University Lyon1, Inserm U1028 - CNRS UMR5292, F-69000, France.
Institute Nanotechnology Lyon, Biomedical Sensors Group, University of Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5270, Villeurbanne F-69621, France.
J Neurosci Methods. 2022 Jan 15;366:109422. doi: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109422. Epub 2021 Nov 24.
When you smell an odorant, your first reaction will certainly be either I like it or I dislike it. This primary reaction is a reflection of what is called the "hedonic value" of the odor. Very often, this hedonic value dominates the olfactory percept, more than olfactory identification or intensity. This component of olfactory perception is of primary importance for guiding behavior: avoiding danger (the smell of smoke, gas, etc.), consuming food, or seduction. Olfactory hedonics can be assessed using a large number of methods in humans, including psychophysical measures, autonomic responses, measurement of facial expressions or peripheral nervous activity. All of these techniques have their limitations: subjectivity, invasiveness, need for expertise, etc. A NEW METHOD: The olfactory system is closely linked to the reward system, the role of which is to mediate motivated behavior. In this context, we propose that the capacity odorants have of recruiting the reward system and thus inducing motivated behavior can be used to identify new behavioral parameters to assess odor hedonic value in humans.
We recorded freely moving human participants exploring odors emanating from flasks, and showed that five parameters linked to motivated behavior were closely linked to odor hedonics: speed of approach to the nose and withdrawal of the flask containing the odorant, distance between flask and nose, number of samplings, and withdrawal distance (maximal distance between nose and flask after odor sampling).
We highlighted new non-verbal and non-invasive parameters to evaluate olfactory hedonics in humans based on the assessment of odor-motivated behavior.
当你闻到一种气味时，你的第一反应肯定是喜欢它或者不喜欢它。这种初始反应反映了所谓气味的“享乐价值”。通常，这种享乐价值比嗅觉识别或强度更能主导嗅觉感知。嗅觉感知的这一组成部分对于指导行为至关重要：避免危险（烟味、煤气味等）、进食或诱惑。可以使用大量方法在人类中评估嗅觉享乐主义，包括心理物理学测量、自主反应、面部表情测量或外周神经活动测量。所有这些技术都有其局限性：主观性、侵入性、需要专业知识等。一种新方法：嗅觉系统与奖励系统密切相关，奖励系统的作用是介导动机行为。在此背景下，我们提出气味招募奖励系统并因此诱导动机行为的能力可用于识别新的行为参数，以评估人类气味的享乐价值。
我们记录了自由活动的人类参与者探索从烧瓶中散发出来的气味的过程，并表明与动机行为相关的五个参数与气味享乐主义密切相关：靠近鼻子和撤回装有气味剂的烧瓶的速度、烧瓶与鼻子之间的距离、采样次数以及撤回距离（气味采样后鼻子与烧瓶之间的最大距离）。
我们基于对气味驱动行为的评估，突出了用于评估人类嗅觉享乐主义的新的非语言和非侵入性参数。
