Natnan Maya Erna, Mayalvanan Yosmetha, Jazamuddin Fahmeeda Mohd, Aizat Wan Mohd, Low Chen-Fei, Goh Hoe-Han, Azizan Kamalrul Azlan, Bunawan Hamidun, Baharum Syarul Nataqain
Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.
Biology (Basel). 2021 Oct 22;10(11):1086. doi: 10.3390/biology10111086.
Aquaculture is an important industry globally as it remains one of the significant alternatives of animal protein source supplies for humankind. Yet, the progression of this industry is being dampened by the increasing rate of fish mortality, mainly the outbreak of infectious diseases. Consequently, the regress in aquaculture ultimately results in the economy of multiple countries being affected due to the decline of product yields and marketability. By 2025, aquaculture is expected to contribute approximately 57% of fish consumption worldwide. Without a strategic approach to curb infectious diseases, the increasing demands of the aquaculture industry may not be sustainable and hence contributing to the over-fishing of wild fish. Recently, a new holistic approach that utilizes multi-omics platforms including transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics is unraveling the intricate molecular mechanisms of host-pathogen interaction. This approach aims to provide a better understanding of how to improve the resistance of host species. However, no comprehensive review has been published on multi-omics strategies in deciphering fish disease etiology and molecular regulation. Most publications have only covered particular omics and no constructive reviews on various omics findings across fish species, particularly on their immune systems, have been described elsewhere. Our previous publication reviewed the integration of omics application for understanding the mechanism of fish immune response due to microbial infection. Hence, this review provides a thorough compilation of current advancements in omics strategies for fish disease management in the aquaculture industry. The discovery of biomarkers in various fish diseases and their potential advancement to complement the recent progress in combatting fish disease is also discussed in this review.
水产养殖在全球是一项重要产业，因为它仍然是人类动物蛋白源供应的重要替代方式之一。然而，该产业的发展正受到鱼类死亡率上升的抑制，主要是传染病的爆发。因此，水产养殖的衰退最终导致多个国家的经济受到影响，因为产品产量和市场适销性下降。到2025年，水产养殖预计将占全球鱼类消费量的约57%。如果没有控制传染病的战略方法，水产养殖业不断增长的需求可能无法持续，从而导致野生鱼类的过度捕捞。最近，一种利用包括转录组学、蛋白质组学和代谢组学在内的多组学平台的全新整体方法，正在揭示宿主 - 病原体相互作用的复杂分子机制。这种方法旨在更好地理解如何提高宿主物种的抗性。然而，尚未有关于多组学策略在解读鱼类疾病病因和分子调控方面的全面综述发表。大多数出版物只涵盖了特定的组学，并且在其他地方没有描述过关于跨鱼类物种的各种组学发现，特别是关于它们免疫系统的建设性综述。我们之前的出版物回顾了组学应用的整合，以了解鱼类因微生物感染而产生免疫反应的机制。因此，本综述全面汇编了水产养殖业中鱼类疾病管理的组学策略的当前进展。本综述还讨论了各种鱼类疾病中生物标志物的发现及其在补充近期防治鱼类疾病进展方面的潜在进展。
