Zemková Erika
Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Sports Technology Institute, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Front Physiol. 2022 May 2;13:861582. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.861582. eCollection 2022.
While force-velocity-power characteristics of resistance exercises, such as bench presses and squats, have been well documented, little attention has been paid to load, force, and power-velocity relationships in exercises engaging core muscles. Given that power produced during lifting tasks or trunk rotations plays an important role in most sport-specific and daily life activities, its measurement should represent an important part of the test battery in both athletes and the general population. The aim of this scoping review was 1) to map the literature related to testing methods assessing core muscle strength and stability in sport and rehabilitation, chiefly studies with particular focus on force-velocity-power characteristics of exercises involving the use of core muscles, 2) and to identify gaps in existing studies and suggest further research in this field. The literature search was conducted on Cochrane Library databases, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed and MEDLINE, which was completed by SpringerLink, Google Scholar and Elsevier. The inclusion criteria were met in 37 articles. Results revealed that among a variety of studies investigating the core stability and core strength in sport and rehabilitation, only few of them analyzed force-velocity-power characteristics of exercises involving the use of core muscles. Most of them evaluated maximal isometric strength of the core and its endurance. However, there are some studies that assessed muscle power during lifting tasks at different loads performed either with free weights or using the Smith machine. Similarly, power and velocity were assessed during trunk rotations performed with different weights when standing or sitting. Nevertheless, there is still scant research investigating the power-velocity and force-velocity relationship during exercises engaging core muscles in able-bodied and para athletes with different demands on stability and strength of the core. Therefore, more research is needed to address this gap in the literature and aim research at assessing strength and power-related measures within cross-sectional and intervention studies. A better understanding of the power-force-velocity profiles during exercises with high demands on the core musculature has implications for designing sport training and rehabilitation programs for enhancement of athletes' performance and/or decrease their risk of back pain.
虽然诸如卧推和深蹲等抗阻训练的力-速度-功率特性已有充分记录，但针对核心肌群训练中的负荷、力量以及功率-速度关系却鲜有研究。鉴于在大多数特定运动和日常生活活动中，举重任务或躯干旋转过程中产生的功率起着重要作用，其测量应成为运动员和普通人群测试项目的重要组成部分。本综述的目的是：1）梳理与评估运动和康复中核心肌肉力量及稳定性测试方法相关的文献，主要关注特别涉及核心肌肉训练的力-速度-功率特性的研究；2）找出现有研究中的空白，并提出该领域的进一步研究方向。在Cochrane图书馆数据库、Scopus、科学网、PubMed和MEDLINE上进行了文献检索，并通过SpringerLink、谷歌学术和爱思唯尔完成。共有37篇文章符合纳入标准。结果显示，在众多研究运动和康复中核心稳定性及核心力量的各类研究中，只有少数分析了涉及核心肌肉训练的力-速度-功率特性。大多数研究评估了核心肌群的最大等长力量及其耐力。不过，有一些研究评估了使用自由重量器械或史密斯机在不同负荷下进行举重任务时的肌肉功率。同样，在站立或坐姿下使用不同重量进行躯干旋转时也评估了功率和速度。然而，对于健全运动员和残疾运动员在核心稳定性和力量有不同要求的情况下，涉及核心肌肉训练的运动过程中的功率-速度和力-速度关系仍缺乏研究。因此，需要更多研究来填补这一文献空白，并针对评估横断面和干预研究中的力量及功率相关指标开展研究。更好地理解对核心肌肉组织要求较高的运动过程中的功率-力-速度概况，对于设计运动训练和康复计划以提高运动员表现和/或降低他们背痛风险具有重要意义。
