Esteves Alexandra, Vieira-Pinto Madalena, Quintas Hélder, Orge Leonor, Gama Adelina, Alves Anabela, Seixas Fernanda, Pires Isabel, Pinto Maria de Lurdes, Mendonça Ana Paula, Lima Carla, Machado Carla Neves, Silva João Carlos, Tavares Paula, Silva Filipe, Bastos Estela, Pereira Jorge, Gonçalves-Anjo Nuno, Carvalho Paulo, Sargo Roberto, Matos Ana, Figueira Luís, Pires Maria Dos Anjos
Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
Animals (Basel). 2021 Oct 21;11(11):3028. doi: 10.3390/ani11113028.
Wasting disease in small ruminants is frequently detected at slaughterhouses. The wasting disorder is manifested by the deterioration of the nutritional and physiological state of the animal indicated by thinness, emaciation, and cachexia. Evidence of emaciation and cachexia, alone, are pathological conditions leading to carcass condemnation during an inspection. Several diseases are associated with a wasting condition, including scrapie, pseudotuberculosis, tuberculosis, paratuberculosis, Maedi Visna, and tumor diseases. On the other hand, parasitic diseases, nutrition disorders, exposure or ingestion of toxins, metabolic conditions, inadequate nutrition due to poor teeth, or poor alimentary diet are conditions contributing to poor body condition. Classical and atypical scrapie is naturally occurring transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in small ruminants. The etiological agent for each one is prions. However, each of these scrapie types is epidemiologically, pathologically, and biochemically different. Though atypical scrapie occurs at low incidence, it is consistently prevalent in the small ruminant population. Hence, it is advisable to include differential diagnosis of this disease, from other possibilities, as a cause of wasting conditions detected during meat inspection at the abattoir. This manuscript is a review of the measures in force at the abattoir for scrapie control, focusing on the differential diagnosis of gross lesions related to wasting conditions detected in small ruminants during meat inspection.
小反刍动物的消瘦疾病在屠宰场经常被检测到。这种消瘦病症表现为动物营养和生理状态的恶化，表现为消瘦、瘦弱和恶病质。仅消瘦和恶病质的迹象就是在检查期间导致胴体被判不合格的病理状况。有几种疾病与消瘦状况有关，包括羊瘙痒病、伪结核病、结核病、副结核病、梅迪-维斯纳病和肿瘤疾病。另一方面，寄生虫病、营养失调、毒素暴露或摄入、代谢状况、牙齿不佳导致的营养不足或不良饮食都是导致身体状况不佳的因素。经典型和非典型羊瘙痒病是小反刍动物自然发生的传染性海绵状脑病。每种病的病原体都是朊病毒。然而，这些羊瘙痒病类型在流行病学、病理学和生物化学方面都有所不同。虽然非典型羊瘙痒病发病率较低，但在小反刍动物群体中一直普遍存在。因此，建议将这种疾病与其他可能病因的鉴别诊断，作为屠宰场肉类检查期间检测到的消瘦状况的一个原因。本手稿是对屠宰场现行羊瘙痒病控制措施的综述，重点是在肉类检查期间对小反刍动物中与消瘦状况相关的肉眼病变进行鉴别诊断。
