Kalogianni Aphrodite I, Bossis Ioannis, Ekateriniadou Loukia V, Gelasakis Athanasios I
Laboratory of Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens (AUA), Iera Odos 75 str., 11855 Athens, Greece.
Veterinary Research Institute, ELGO-Demeter, Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Animals (Basel). 2020 Apr 3;10(4):616. doi: 10.3390/ani10040616.
Maedi-visna (MV) in sheep is caused by maedi-visna virus (MVV), a small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) that causes chronic infection and inflammatory lesions in infected animals. Pneumonia and mastitis are its predominant clinical manifestations, and the tissues infected by MVV are mainly the lungs, the mammary gland, the nervous system and the joints. MV has a worldwide distribution with distinct MVV transmission patterns depending on circulating strains and regionally applied control/eradication schemes. Nevertheless, the prevalence rate of MV universally increases. Currently, gaps in understanding the epizootiology of MV, the continuous mutation of existing and the emergence of new small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) strains, lack of an effective detection protocol and the inefficiency of currently applied preventive measures render elimination of MV an unrealistic target. Therefore, modifications on the existing MV surveillance and control schemes on an evidentiary basis are necessary. Updated control schemes require the development of diagnostic protocols for the early and definitive diagnosis of MVV infections. The objectives of this review are to summarize the current knowledge in the epizootiology and control of MV in dairy sheep, to describe the research framework and to cover existing gaps in understanding future challenges regarding MV.
绵羊梅迪-维斯纳病（MV）由梅迪-维斯纳病毒（MVV）引起，MVV是一种小反刍兽慢病毒（SRLV），可在受感染动物中引发慢性感染和炎性病变。肺炎和乳腺炎是其主要临床表现，MVV感染的组织主要是肺、乳腺、神经系统和关节。MV在全球范围内均有分布，其MVV传播模式因流行毒株和区域实施的控制/根除计划而异。尽管如此，MV的流行率普遍上升。目前，在了解MV的动物流行病学、现有毒株的持续突变以及新的小反刍兽慢病毒（SRLV）毒株的出现方面存在差距，缺乏有效的检测方案以及目前应用的预防措施效率低下，使得消除MV成为一个不切实际的目标。因此，有必要在证据基础上对现有的MV监测和控制方案进行修改。更新后的控制方案需要制定用于早期和明确诊断MVV感染的诊断方案。本综述的目的是总结目前关于奶羊MV动物流行病学和控制的知识，描述研究框架，并涵盖在理解MV未来挑战方面存在的现有差距。
